Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kapyéti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *kap- (“to seize, hold”) + *-yéti.
Verb
[edit]*kapyéti (imperfective)[1][2][3]
- to be grasping
Inflection
[edit]| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *kapyéti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *kapyónti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *kapyóh₂ | *kapyóm | — | *kapyṓh₂ | *kapyóyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *kapyési | *kapyés | *kapyé | *kapyḗsi | *kapyóys |
| 3rd singular | *kapyéti | *kapyét | *kapyétu | *kapyḗti | *kapyóyt |
| 1st dual | *kapyówos | *kapyówe | — | *kapyṓwos | *kapyóywe |
| 2nd dual | *kapyétes | *kapyétom | *kapyétom | *kapyḗtes | *kapyóytom |
| 3rd dual | *kapyétes | *kapyétām | *kapyétām | *kapyḗtes | *kapyóytām |
| 1st plural | *kapyómos | *kapyóme | — | *kapyṓmos | *kapyóyme |
| 2nd plural | *kapyéte | *kapyéte | *kapyéte | *kapyḗte | *kapyóyte |
| 3rd plural | *kapyónti | *kapyónt | *kapyóntu | *kapyṓnti | *kapyóyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *kapyónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *kapyóh₂er | *kapyóh₂e | — | *kapyṓh₂er | *kapyóyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *kapyéth₂er | *kapyéth₂e | *kapyéso | *kapyḗth₂er | *kapyóyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *kapyétor | *kapyéto | *? | *kapyḗtor | *kapyóyto, *kapyóyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *kapyówosdʰh₂ | *kapyówedʰh₂ | — | *kapyṓwosdʰh₂ | *kapyóywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *kapyómosdʰh₂ | *kapyómedʰh₂ | — | *kapyṓmosdʰh₂ | *kapyóymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *kapyédʰh₂we | *kapyédʰh₂we | *kapyédʰh₂we | *kapyḗdʰh₂we | *kapyóydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *kapyóntor | *kapyónto | *? | *kapyṓntor | *kapyóyro |
| Participle | *kapyómnos | ||||
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Albanian: *kapa
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Germanic: *habjaną (“to lift”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *kapťō
- Proto-Italic: *kapjō
References
[edit]- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “kap-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 527-529
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*kap-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 270
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 45
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*keh₂p-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 344–345
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 79
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kap”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
- ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “kap”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi