-li
Alemannic German
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li
- forms diminutives of nouns
Derived terms
[edit]Chickasaw
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li (class I first-person singular subject marker)
- I (subject of an active transitive or active intransitive verb)
Suffix
[edit]-li (transitive-forming verb suffix)
- forms or indicates an active transitive verb
Choctaw
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li (verb-forming suffix)
- forms or indicates an active transitive verb
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li (class I first-person singular)
Inflection
[edit]class I | class II | class III | class N | imperative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+s | +C | +V | +C/i | +a/o | +C | +V | +C | +V | +C | +V | |||
first-person | singular | initial | -li | sa- | si- | a̱- | am- | ak- | n/a | ||||
medial | -sa- | -sam- | |||||||||||
paucal | ī- | il- | pi- | pi̱- | pim- | kī- | kil- | ||||||
plural | hapi- | hapi̱- | hapim- | ||||||||||
second-person | singular | is- | ish- | chi- | chi̱- | chim- | chik- | ∅ | |||||
plural | has- | hash- | hachi- | hachi̱- | hachim- | hachik- | ho- | oh- | |||||
third-person | ∅ | ∅ | i̱- | im- | ik- |
Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Cognate to Classical Nahuatl -lin
Suffix
[edit]-li
- a suffix that makes nouns.
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li
- Alternative spelling of -lli.
Fala
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]-li
- Clitic form of le (“to him, to her, to them”)
See also
[edit]nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
References
[edit]- Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
Finnish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li
- Forms diminutive nouns.
Usage notes
[edit]Preceding -a-, -ä-, -i- usually changes to -e- (compare -ella).
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]-la + -i (i-lative singular)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li
- Forms some terminative adverbs.
Derived terms
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Alemannic German -li.
Suffix
[edit]-li n
- (Southern Germany, Switzerland) suffix used to create a diminutive form
- Synonym: -lein
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Greenlandic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li (v-v?, additive?)
- (intransitive, with stative verbs) [verb] more
- (transitive, with stative verbs) cause to [verb] more
Usage notes
[edit]Fusions with three verbs in the following manner:
- angivoq (“be large”) → allivoq (“become larger”), allivaa (“make larger, enlarge”)
- mikivoq (“be small”) → millivoq (“become smaller, shrink”), millivaa (“make smaller”)
- takivoq (“be long”) → tallivoq (“become longer”), tallivaa (“make longer”)
Derived terms
[edit]Enclitic
[edit]-li
Further reading
[edit]- Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 118-119, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
Igbo
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -ri (Owerri, Umuahia)
Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Rhymes: -iː
Suffix
[edit]-li
- Used to form simple past tenses of verbs.
- melili (as in Roger Federer melili Yoshihito Nishioka na US Open.)
Italian
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]-li
- (enclitic) Alternative form of li
Usage notes
[edit]- Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to accusative dative forms when the object is third plural masculine person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:
- introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurli (“to introduce them”)
In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -li.
Anagrams
[edit]Latin
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-lī
Lower Sorbian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *-li; cognate with Upper Sorbian -li, Polish -li, Czech -li.
Pronunciation
[edit]Particle
[edit]-li
- used after a verb form to introduce a polar question
- Spiš-li? ― Are you sleeping?
- Sy-li Bóžy syn? ― Are you the Son of God?
- Wiźiš-li to? ― Do you see that?
Conjunction
[edit]-li
Further reading
[edit]- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “-li”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Maltese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li
- to me
Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li
- Alternative form of -ly (“adjectival suffix”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li
- Alternative form of -ly (“adverbial suffix”)
Pennsylvania German
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li
- (diminutive) -ling, -let
Derived terms
[edit]Pitjantjatjara
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]-li (first person dual nominative, bound form of ngali)
- we two
Usage notes
[edit]Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act as clitics that attach to the last word of the first noun phrase in the sentence, or the conjunctions ka or munu if present.
Related terms
[edit]Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
First person | ngayulu (I) Bound form: -ṉa |
ngali (we two) Bound form: -li |
nganaṉa (we, more than two) Bound form: -la |
Second person | nyuntu (you) Bound form: -n |
nyupali (you two) | nyura (you, more than two) |
Third person | paluṟu (he/she/it) | pula (they two) | tjana (they, more than two) Bound form: -ya |
Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Particle
[edit]-li
- (dated) interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question
- Synonym: czy
- (dated) emphatic particle
Further reading
[edit]- -li in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـلی (-li), from earlier ـلو (-li), from Proto-Turkic *-lig.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]preceding vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
-lı | -li | -lu | -lü |
-li
- with, containing; forms adjectives from nouns. This usage is treated as a "case suffix" and is separated from proper nouns by an apostrophe.
- of, from; of a nation or place. This usage is treated as a "word-forming suffix" and is not separated from proper nouns by an apostrophe. The demonym formed this way functions equally as an adjective and as a noun. It is commonly encountered in surnames derived from the names of towns and cities.
- İstanbul (“Istanbul”) + -li → İstanbullu (“[a person] from Istanbul”)
- Tokat (“a city in northern Anatolia”) + -li → Tokatlı (“[a person] from Tokat”)
- Added to sports organizations to form names for their fans.
- Ardahanspor (“a soccer team”) + -li → Ardahansporlu (“a person who supports this team”)
Usage notes
[edit]- Stress is carried onto the suffix when appended to a word with stress on the last syllable:
- Stress doesn't shift when appended to a word that is stressed elsewhere:
- çikolata /t͡ʃi.koˈɫa.ta/ becomes çikolatalı /t͡ʃi.koˈɫa.ta.ɫɯ/; Bursa /ˈbuɾ.sa/ becomes Bursalı /ˈbuɾ.sa.ɫɯ/
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Uzbek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Chagatai ـلیغ (-lığ), ـلیک (-lig), ـلوغ (-luğ), ـلوک (-lüg), from Proto-Turkic *-lig.
Suffix
[edit]-li
- used to form descriptive adjectives from nouns
Derived terms
[edit]Wutunhua
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-li
- Marks the locative case:
Etymology 2
[edit]Janhunen et al. speculates that this is from Mandarin 來/来 (“to come”).
Suffix
[edit]-li
- An evidential suffix, marking that the subject has personally experienced the event/situation but that they were not personally responsible for instigating the event/situation, or did not have full control over the experience.
References
[edit]- Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
- Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun[2], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
- Alemannic German lemmas
- Alemannic German suffixes
- Chickasaw lemmas
- Chickasaw suffixes
- Chickasaw person markers
- Chickasaw verb suffixes
- Choctaw lemmas
- Choctaw suffixes
- Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl lemmas
- Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl suffixes
- Fala lemmas
- Fala pronouns
- Fala clitics
- Finnish terms suffixed with -i (nominal)
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish noun-forming suffixes
- Finnish terms suffixed with -i (adverbial)
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German neuter suffixes
- Southern German
- Switzerland German
- Greenlandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greenlandic lemmas
- Greenlandic suffixes
- Greenlandic intransitive verbs
- Greenlandic transitive verbs
- Greenlandic enclitics
- Rhymes:Igbo/iː
- Igbo lemmas
- Igbo suffixes
- Italian lemmas
- Italian pronouns
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin suffix forms
- Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian lemmas
- Lower Sorbian particles
- Lower Sorbian terms with usage examples
- Lower Sorbian conjunctions
- Maltese terms suffixed with -i (pronoun)
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese suffixes
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English suffixes
- Pennsylvania German lemmas
- Pennsylvania German suffixes
- Pitjantjatjara lemmas
- Pitjantjatjara pronouns
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/i
- Rhymes:Polish/i/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish particles
- Polish dated terms
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish suffixes
- Uzbek terms inherited from Chagatai
- Uzbek terms derived from Chagatai
- Uzbek terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Uzbek terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek suffixes
- Wutunhua terms with IPA pronunciation
- Wutunhua terms derived from Mandarin
- Wutunhua lemmas
- Wutunhua suffixes
- Wutunhua terms with usage examples