-mi

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mi"

Buginese

Suffix

-mi (Buginese form ᨆᨗ)

1. only

   tellumi panésaï

   there are only three things that determine it

Fala

Pronoun

-mi

1. Clitic form of me (“me”)

See also

Fala personal pronouns

			nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular		ei	me, -mi		mi
	plural	common	nos	musL nusLV nos, -nusM		nos
		masculine	noshotrusM			noshotrusM
		feminine	noshotrasM			noshotrasM
second person	singular		tú	te, -ti		ti
	plural	common	vos	vusLV vos, -vusM		vos
		masculine	voshotrusM			voshotrusM
		feminine	voshotrasM			voshotrasM
third person	singular	masculine	el	le, -li	uLV, oM	el
		feminine	ela		a	ela
	plural	masculine	elis		usLV, osM	elis
		feminine	elas		as	elas
	reflexive		—	se, -si		sí

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Greenlandic

Enclitic

-mi

1. but, however, yet, indeed, what about, yes

   uanga (“I, me”) -> uangami (“what about me?”)

   immaqa (“perhaps”) -> immaqami (“yes, maybe”)

Usage notes

Not to be confused with -mi, locative singular inflection ending.

Guaraní

Suffix

-mi

1. diminutive suffix.
2. mild imperative suffix.

Ilocano

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *kami, from *ami.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mi/

Pronoun

-mi (pronoun-forming suffix)

1. First-person plural exclusive ergative enclitic pronoun; we (not you)

   Dinalusanmi ti kuarto. ― We cleaned the room.

2. First-person plural exclusive possessive marker; our (exclusive)

   Adayo pay ti balaymi. ― Our house is still far.

See also

Ilocano personal pronouns

Person	Number	Absolutive		Ergative	Oblique	Possessive
		Disjunctive	Enclitic	Enclitic3		bági form	kukua form
First	singular	siak	-ak	-ko, -k	kaniak	bagik	kukuak, kuak
	dual	data, sita1	-ta		kaniata, kadata	bagita	kukuata
	plural inclusive	datayo, sitayo1	-tayo, -tay		kaniatayo, kadatayo	bagitayo	kukuatayo
	plural exclusive	dakami, sikami1	-kami, -kam	-mi	kaniami, kadakami	bagimi	kukuami
Second	singular	sika	-ka	-mo, -m	kaniam, kenka	bagim	kukuam
	plural	dakayo, sikayo1	-kayo, -kay	-yo	kaniayo, kadakayo	bagiyo	kukuayo
Third	singular	isu, isuna	Ø2	-na	kaniana, kenkuana	bagina	kukuana
	plural	isuda	-da		kaniada, kadakuada	bagida	kukuada
1Regional variants. 2Null morpheme. There is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used. 3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.
Fused enclitics Actor Patient siak data datayo dakami sika dakayo isu5 isuda siak bagik4 — — — -ka -kayo -ko, -k -ko ida, -k ida data — bagita4 — — — — -ta -ta ida datayo — — bagitayo4 — — — -tayo -tayo ida dakami — — — bagimi4 -daka -dakayo -mi -mi ida sika -nak — — -nakami bagim4 — -mo, -m -mo ida, -m ida dakayo -dak -data — -dakami — bagiyo4 -yo -yo ida isu -nak -nata -natayo -nakami -naka -nakayo bagina4, -na -na ida isuda -dak -data -datayo -dakami -daka -dakayo -da bagida4, -da ida 4Reflexive pronouns use the bagí form. 5 isu or isuna may also be added after the enclitics in this column.

Italian

Pronoun

-mi

1. (enclitic) Alternative form of mi

   dare (“to give”) → darmi (“to give myself; to give me; to give to me”)

   vendere (“to sell”) → vendermi (“to sell myself; to sell me; to sell to me”)

   servire (“to serve”) → servirmi (“to serve myself; to serve me; to serve to me”)

Usage notes

• Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative or dative forms when the object is first singular person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

-are → -armi

-ere → -ermi

-ire → -irmi

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurmi (“to introduce myself; to introduce me; to insert in me”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -mi.

Anagrams

• im-

Japanese

Romanization

-mi

1. Rōmaji transcription of み

Kambera

Pronoun

-mi

1. second person plural genitive enclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative
1sg	ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
2sg	mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
3sg	na-	-na	-ya	-nya
1pl.incl	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
2pl	mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
3pl	da-	-da	-ha	-nja

Laboya

Pronoun

-mi

1. second person plural subject enclitic
2. second person plural possessive enclitic

See also

Laboya pronominal clitics

	Subject	Subject/Possessive	Object
Person
1sg	gu-	-gu	-ga
2sg	mu-	-mu	-gu
3sg	na-	-na	-ni
1pl.incl	da-	-da	-da
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-gama
2pl	mi-	-mi	-gimi
3pl	ɗa-	-ɗa	-di

Makasar

Etymology

Portmanteau of -mo + -i

Enclitic

-mi (Lontara spelling ᨆᨗ)

1. perfective aspect marker with third person absolutive pronoun

   Tinromi i Baso. ― Baso is already asleep.

Quechua

Alternative forms

• (after vowels) -m

Suffix

-mi

1. Evidential suffix, first-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has direct evidence/knowledge of some fact, having experienced it, seen it, heard it, etc.

   Paykunawanmi kachkani.

   I am with them.

   Kuchinillaqa chiwanway ukhuyuqmi.

   The cochineal insect is deep red on the inside.

2. Used to mark an open-ended question; more informal than -taq

   Piwanmi richkanki?

   Who are you going with?

See also

• -s/-si

Sassarese

Pronoun

-mi

1. enclitic form of mi; appended to polysyllabic second-person singular imperative forms

   ciama (“call!”) → ciàmami (“call me!”)

Uneapa

Etymology

From a shortening of Proto-Oceanic *-mami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-mami, from Proto-Austronesian *-ami.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mi/

Suffix

-mi

1. A first-person plural exclusive possessive suffix.

Further reading

• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

Warlpiri

Suffix

-mi

1. non-past marker, applied to verbs of class 1 to indicate non-past tense

References

• Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)