節氣

See also: 節気 and 节气

Chinese

		festival; section; segment festival; section; segment; point; part; to economize; to save; temperate	gas; air; smell gas; air; smell; weather; vital breath; to make someone angry; to get angry; to be enraged
trad. (節氣)		節	氣
simp. (节气)		节	气
anagram		氣節／气节

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jiéqì

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄑㄧˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җечи (ži͡əči, I-III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zit³ hei³
• Gan (Wiktionary): jiet⁶ qi
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chiet-hi
• Jin (Wiktionary): jieh⁴ qi³
• Eastern Min (BUC): cáik-ké
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): choeh-khùi / cheh-khì / cheh-khùi / chiat-khì
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷ciq-chi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiéqì → jiéqi (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄑㄧˋ → ㄐㄧㄝˊ ˙ㄑㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiéci̊
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²-chʻi⁵
    • Yale: jyé-chi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye.chih
    • Palladius: цзеци (czeci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/ → /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җечи (ži͡əči, I-III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiə²⁴ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zit³ hei³
    • Yale: jit hei
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzit⁸ hei³
    • Guangdong Romanization: jid³ héi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːt̚³ hei̯³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: jiet⁶ qi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵ t͡ɕʰi²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiet-hi
    • Hakka Romanization System: jied^ˋ hi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: jiad⁵ hi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯et̚² hi⁵⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jieh⁴ qi³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ² t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cáik-ké
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰɛi²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choeh-khùi
    • Tâi-lô: tsueh-khuì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoehquix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue(ʔ)⁵ kʰui⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheh-khì
    • Tâi-lô: tseh-khì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zehqix
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰi²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheh-khùi
    • Tâi-lô: tseh-khuì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zehquix
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰui²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰui²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiat-khì
    • Tâi-lô: tsiat-khì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciatqix
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰi⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kʰi²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kʰi²¹/

Note:

• choeh-khùi/cheh-khì/cheh-khùi - vernacular;
• chiat-khì - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷ciq-chi
    • MiniDict: cih^入 chi
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴jiq-qi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tset khj+jH

Rime
Character	節	氣
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)	微 (20)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	子結切	去旣切
Baxter	tset	khj+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡set̚/	/kʰɨiH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡set̚/	/kʰɨiH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɛt̚/	/kʰiəiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɛt̚/	/kʰɨjH/
Li Rong	/t͡set̚/	/kʰiəiH/
Wang Li	/t͡siet̚/	/kʰĭəiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡siet̚/	/kʰe̯iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jie	qì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zit3	hei3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤik  C.qʰəp-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsiːɡ  kʰɯds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	節	氣
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jié	qì
Middle Chinese	‹ tset ›	‹ khjɨjH ›
Old Chinese	/*tsˁik/	/*C.qʰəp-s/
English	joint	cloudy vapors
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	節	氣
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	5713	10140
Phonetic component	即	气
Rime group	質	隊
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	節
Old Chinese	/*ʔsiːɡ/	/*kʰɯds/

Noun

節氣

1. solar term in the Chinese lunar calendar
2. (literary) season and climate

   Synonym: 氣節／气节 (qìjié)

3. (literary) integrity; moral principles

   Synonyms: 節操／节操 (jiécāo), 氣節／气节 (qìjié)

Derived terms

• 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (節氣):

• → Japanese: 節(せっ)気(き) (sekki)
• → Korean: 절기(節氣) (jeolgi)
• → Vietnamese: tiết khí (節氣)

See also

• 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
  • Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
  • Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
  • Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
  • Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
節	氣
せつ > せっ Grade: 4	き Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 節氣 – see the following entry.

【節気せっき】 [noun] the solar term in Chinese lunar calendar

(This term, 節氣, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
節	氣

Noun

節氣 • (jeolgi) (hangeul 절기)

1. hanja form^? of 절기 (“solar term in the Chinese lunar calendar”)

See also

• 이십사절기(二十四節氣) (Isipsajeolgi, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
  • Spring: 입춘(立春) (Ipchun), 우수(雨水) (Usu), 경칩(驚蟄) (Gyeongchip), 춘분(春分) (Chunbun), 청명(淸明) (Cheongmyeong), 곡우(穀雨) (Gogu)
  • Summer: 입하(立夏) (Ipha), 소만(小滿) (Soman), 망종(芒種) (Mangjong), 하지(夏至) (Haji), 소서(小暑) (Soseo), 대서(大暑) (Daeseo)
  • Autumn: 입추(立秋) (Ipchu), 처서(處暑) (Cheoseo), 백로(白露) (Baengno), 추분(秋分) (Chubun), 한로(寒露) (Hallo), 상강(霜降) (Sanggang)
  • Winter: 입동(立冬) (Ipdong), 소설(小雪) (soseol), 대설(大雪) (Daeseol), 동지(冬至) (Dongji), 소한(小寒) (Sohan), 대한(大寒) (Daehan)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
節	氣

Noun

節氣

1. chữ Hán form of tiết khí (“solar term in the Chinese lunar calendar”).

See also

• Hai mươi tư tiết khí (𠄩𨒒四節氣, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
  • Spring: Lập xuân (立春)、Vũ thủy (雨水)、Kinh trập (驚蟄)、Xuân phân (春分)、Thanh minh (清明)、Cốc vũ (穀雨)
  • Summer: Lập hạ (立夏)、Tiểu mãn (小滿)、Mang chủng (芒種)、Hạ chí (夏至)、Tiểu thử (小暑)、Đại thử (大暑)
  • Autumn: Lập thu (立秋)、Xử thử (處暑)、Bạch lộ (白露)、Thu phân (秋分)、Hàn lộ (寒露)、Sương giáng (霜降)
  • Winter: Lập đông (立冬)、Tiểu tuyết (小雪)、Đại tuyết (大雪)、Đông chí (冬至)、Tiểu hàn (小寒)、Đại hàn (大寒)