春分

Chinese

		spring	divide
trad. (春分)		春	分
simp. #(春分)		春	分

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): Chūnfēn

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄣ ㄈㄣ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cun¹ fen¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon¹ fan¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): cun¹ 'fiin¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Chhûn-fûn

  (Hailu, HRS): chun^ˋ fun^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): cun¹ fun¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): cung¹ feng¹
• Northern Min (KCR): Ché̤ng-hóng
• Eastern Min (BUC): Chŭng-*hŭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cong¹ hong¹ / cuong¹ huong¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Chhun-hun

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cung¹ hung¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tshen-fen
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qyn¹ fen¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Chūnfēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣ ㄈㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Chunfen
    • Wade–Giles: Chʻun¹-fên¹
    • Yale: Chwūn-fēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chuenfen
    • Palladius: Чуньфэнь (Čunʹfɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cun¹ fen¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cunfen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ceon¹ fan¹
    • Yale: chēun fān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen¹ fan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cên¹ fen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 春分 春昏

• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: cun¹ 'fiin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰun⁴² ˈfɨn⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chhûn-fûn
    • Hakka Romanization System: cun^ˊ fun^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cun¹ fun¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ fun²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: chun^ˋ fun^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰun⁵³ fun⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: cun¹ fun¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun⁴⁴ fun⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: cung¹ feng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ fəŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Ché̤ng-hóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴ xɔŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Chŭng-*hŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ huŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cong¹ hong¹ [Phonetic: cong⁵ ngong¹]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Cheong-heong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ^(h-)ŋɔŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cuong¹ huong¹ [Phonetic: cuong⁵ nuong¹]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuoŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ^(h-)nuoŋ⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhun-hun
    • Tâi-lô: Tshun-hun
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhunhwn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun³³ hun³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cung¹ hung¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshung hung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ³³⁻²³ huŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tshen-fen
    • MiniDict: tshen^平 fen
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tshen-fen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰən⁵⁵ fən²¹/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: qyn¹ fen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyn³³ ɸən³³/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyhwin pjun

Rime
Character	春	分
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	昌脣切	府文切
Baxter	tsyhwin	pjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰiuɪn/	/pɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰʷin/	/piun/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰjuen/	/piuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰwin/	/pun/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiuĕn/	/piuən/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/	/pĭuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/	/pi̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chūn	fēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceon1	fan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰun  pə[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjun  pɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	春	分
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chūn	fēn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhwin ›	‹ pjun ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰun/	/*pə[n]/
English	springtime	divide
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	春	分
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	12573	3148
Phonetic component	屯	分
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	春	分
Old Chinese	/*tʰjun/	/*pɯn/
Notes	說文從艸從日屯聲， 實屯繁化轉註字

Proper noun

春分

1. The fourth of the twenty-four solar terms, around March 20th or 21st, which is on the spring equinox.

Coordinate terms

• 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
  • Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
  • Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
  • Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
  • Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (春分):

• → Japanese: 春分(しゅんぶん) (Shunbun)
• → Korean: 춘분(春分) (chunbun)
• → Vietnamese: Xuân phân (春分)

References

• “春分”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
• “Entry #2584”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
春	分
しゅん Grade: 2	ぶん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しゅんぶん [shùńbúń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɕɨ̃mbɯ̟̃ɴ]

Proper noun

春(しゅん)分(ぶん) • (Shunbun) 

1. the vernal equinox
2. the day of the vernal equinox

Synonyms

• (the day of the vernal equinox): 春(しゅん)分(ぶん)の日(ひ) (shunbun no hi)

See also

• 二(に)十(じゅう)四(し)節(せっ)気(き) (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
  • Spring: 立(りっ)春(しゅん) (Risshun), 雨(う)水(すい) (Usui), 啓(けい)蟄(ちつ) (Keichitsu), 春(しゅん)分(ぶん) (Shunbun), 清(せい)明(めい) (Seimei), 穀(こく)雨(う) (Kokuu)
  • Summer: 立(りっ)夏(か) (Rikka), 小(しょう)満(まん) (Shōman), 芒(ぼう)種(しゅ) (Bōshu), 夏(げ)至(し) (Geshi), 小(しょう)暑(しょ) (Shōsho), 大(たい)暑(しょ) (Taisho)
  • Autumn: 立(りっ)秋(しゅう) (Risshū), 処(しょ)暑(しょ) (Shosho), 白(はく)露(ろ) (Hakuro), 秋(しゅう)分(ぶん) (Shūbun), 寒(かん)露(ろ) (Kanro), 霜(そう)降(こう) (Sōkō)
  • Winter: 立(りっ)冬(とう) (Rittō), 小(しょう)雪(せつ) (Shōsetsu), 大雪(たいせつ) (Taisetsu), 冬(とう)至(じ) (Tōji), 小(しょう)寒(かん) (Shōkan), 大寒(だいかん) (Daikan)

Korean

Hanja in this term
春	分

Noun

春分 • (chunbun) (hangeul 춘분)

1. hanja form^? of 춘분

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
春	分

Proper noun

春分

1. chữ Hán form of Xuân phân (“the vernal equinox, the day of the vernal equinox”).

See also

• Hai mươi tư tiết khí (𠄩𨒒四節氣, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
  • Spring: Lập xuân (立春)、Vũ thủy (雨水)、Kinh trập (驚蟄)、Xuân phân (春分)、Thanh minh (清明)、Cốc vũ (穀雨)
  • Summer: Lập hạ (立夏)、Tiểu mãn (小滿)、Mang chủng (芒種)、Hạ chí (夏至)、Tiểu thử (小暑)、Đại thử (大暑)
  • Autumn: Lập thu (立秋)、Xử thử (處暑)、Bạch lộ (白露)、Thu phân (秋分)、Hàn lộ (寒露)、Sương giáng (霜降)
  • Winter: Lập đông (立冬)、Tiểu tuyết (小雪)、Đại tuyết (大雪)、Đông chí (冬至)、Tiểu hàn (小寒)、Đại hàn (大寒)