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歷史

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 历史 and 歴史

Chinese

[edit]
to experience; to undergo; to pass through
to experience; to undergo; to pass through; all; each; every; calendar
 
 history
trad. (歷史) 歷 史
simp. (历史) 历 史
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Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 歷 史
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 錫 (127) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV III
Fanqie 郎擊切 踈士切
Baxter lek sriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lek̚/ /ʃɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lek̚/ /ʃɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛk̚/ /ʃieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛjk̚/ /ʂɨX/
Li
Rong 		/lek̚/ /ʃiəX/
Wang
Li 		/liek̚/ /ʃĭəX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/liek̚/ /ʂiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lì shǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lik6 si2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 歷 史
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lì shǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lek › ‹ sriX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁek/ /*s-rəʔ/
English pass by; in turn scribe

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 歷 史
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 7980 11487
Phonetic
component 		秝 史
Rime
group 		錫 之
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		靂 史
Old
Chinese 		/*reːɡ/ /*srɯʔ/

Noun

[edit]

歷史

  1. (uncountable) history (the study of past events)
    歷史感／历史感  ―  lìshǐ gǎn  ―  sense of history
    歷史觀點／历史观点  ―  lìshǐ guāndiǎn  ―  view of history
    縱觀歷史／纵观历史  ―  zòngguān lìshǐ  ―  throughout history
    古代歷史／古代历史  ―  gǔdài lìshǐ  ―  ancient history
    歷史故事／历史故事  ―  lìshǐ gùshi  ―  stories from history
    歷史文獻／历史文献  ―  lìshǐ wénxiàn  ―  historical document
    歷史事件／历史事件  ―  lìshǐ shìjiàn  ―  historical event
    歷史人物／历史人物  ―  lìshǐ rénwù  ―  historical figure
    歷史古跡／历史古迹  ―  lìshǐ gǔjì  ―  historical site
    歷史是由勝利者書寫的。 [MSC, trad.]
    历史是由胜利者书写的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Lìshǐ shì yóu shènglìzhě shūxiě de. [Pinyin]
    History is written by the victors.
    此說是否為歷史事實，近代頗有爭議。 [MSC, trad.]
    此说是否为历史事实，近代颇有争议。 [MSC, simp.]
    Cǐ shuō shìfǒu wéi lìshǐ shìshí, jìndài pōyǒu zhēngyì. [Pinyin]
    Whether this theory is historical fact has been a source of considerable contention in recent times.
  2. (countable) past events; historical happenings; history (Classifier: 段)
  3. (uncountable) Short for 歷史學／历史学 (lìshǐxué, “the study of history; historiography”).
  4. (countable, computing) history (record of previous user events) (Classifier: 條／条 m)
    瀏覽歷史／浏览历史  ―  liúlǎn lìshǐ  ―  browsing history
    搜索歷史／搜索历史  ―  sōusuǒ lìshǐ  ―  search history

Usage notes

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Just like in English, this Chinese term can refer to history as in the study of past events, as well as the past considered as a whole, or connected with a particular person or thing.

Derived terms

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Japanese

[edit]
Kanji in this term
歷 史
れき
Jinmeiyō 		し
Grade: 5
on'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 歷史 – see the following entry.
【歴史れきし】
[noun] history
[noun] the study of history
(This term, 歷史, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

[edit]
Hanja in this term
歷史

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?yeoksa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?yeogsa
McCune–Reischauer?yŏksa
Yale Romanization?yek.sa

Noun

[edit]

歷史 • (yeoksa) (hangeul 역사)

  1. hanja form? of 역사 (“history”) (South Korea)
    人類 歷史는 數많은 文明의 興亡盛衰를 보여준다.
    Illyu yeoksaneun sumaneun munmyeong'uni heungmangseongsoereul boyeojunda.
    Human history reveals the rise and fall of countless civilisation.
    이 遺物은 오랜 歷史를 지니고 있다.
    I yumureun oraen yeoksareul jinigo itda.
    This artefact has a long history.
    山의 巖石은 數百萬 年에 걸친 自然 歷史를 담고 있다.
    Sanui amseogeun subaengman nyeone geolchin jayeon yeoksareul damgo itda.
    The mountain rocks contain the history of natural changes spanning millions of years.
    헤로도토스의 歷史는 페르시아 戰爭의 이야기를 흥미롭게 敍述한다.
    Herodotoseuui yeoksaneun pereusia jeonjaeng'ui iyagireul heungmiropge seosulhanda.
    Herodotus’ Histories vividly recount the narrative of the Persian Wars.
    투키디데스의 歷史는 필로폰네소스 戰爭의 政治와 軍士에 焦點을 맞춘다.
    Tukidideseuui yeoksaneun pilloponnesoseu jeonjaeng'ui jeongchiwa gunsa'e chojeomeul matchunda.
    Thucydides’ History focuses on the political and military aspecets of the Peloponnesian War.

Noun

[edit]

歷史 • (ryeoksa) (hangeul 력사)

  1. hanja form? of 력사 (“history”) (North Korea)

Vietnamese

[edit]
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
歷史

Noun

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歷史

  1. chữ Hán form of lịch sử (“history”).
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