-에

See also: 에

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Korean 에〮/애〮 (Yale: -éy/áy, locative particle), from Old Korean 良中 (*-akuy, *-ahuy, locative particle), compound of 良 (*-a, locative particle) + 中 (*-kuy, locative particle).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [e̞]
Phonetic hangul: [에]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	e
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	e
McCune–Reischauer^?	e
Yale Romanization^?	ey

Particle

에 • (-e)

at (indicates that the preceding noun functions as a locative adverb, making a place or location)
그 는 집에 있다.
Geuneun jibe itda.
He is at home.
at (indicates that the preceding noun functions as a temporal adverb, making a point in time)
아침에 일어난다.
Achime ireonanda.
He wakes up at morning.
to (indicates the direction or destination of movement)
학교에 간다.
Hakgyoe ganda.
He goes to school.
because of (marks the cause or reason behind an action)
바람에 쓰러졌다.
Barame sseureojeotda.
He fell because of the wind.
with, by (marks the noun that acts as the stimulus or cause for a reaction or movement)
나 는 그 의 의견에 찬성한다.
Naneun geuui uigyeone chanseonghanda.
I agree with his opinion
to, about, in (marks the noun as the recipient or target that an action affects or within which a state is realized)
나 는 화분에 물 을 주었다.
Naneun hwabune mureuljueotda.
I gave water to the flower bed.
for (indicates that the preceding noun represents a goal or purpose)
공부에 힘쓰다.
Gongbue himsseuda.
He strives for his studies.
by (indicates the method or means by which an action is performed)
버스에 타다.
Beoseue tada.
He goes by bus.
in (marks the condition or state in which an action occurs)
좋은 날씨에 산책하다.
Jo'eun nalssie sanchaekhada.
He takes a walk in good weather.
per (marks the preceding noun as a reference standard or unit of measure, used for evaluation, distribution, or calculation)
각 학생에 이천 원 의 장학금 이 지급된다.
Gak haksaeng'e icheon wonui janghakgeumi jigeupdoenda.
A scholarship of 2,000 won is awarded per student.
than (indicates the object of a direct comparison between two entities, without implying a measured standard)
이 책에 비하면 저 책 은 짧다.
I chaege bihamyeon jeo chaegeun jjalda.
That book is shorter than this one.
as (shows that the preceding noun represents the role or position assumed)
그 는 대표에 임명되었다.
Geuneun daepyoe immyeongdoeeotda.
He was appointed as the representative.
within (conveys that the scope or range is confined to a specified group or area)
이 문제 는 우리 반에 한정된다.
I munjeneun uri bane hanjeongdoenda.
This issue is confined within our class.
about (with expressions like 관하여 or 대하여. indicates the subject or object that is being specified for discussion)
정책에 관하여 토론했다.
Jeongchaege gwanhayeo toronhaetda.
They discussed about the policy.
plus (denotes that something additional is added to what has been mentioned)
문제에 또 다른 어려움 이 더해 졌다.
Munjee tto dareun eoryeoumi deohaejeotda.
Another difficulty was added plus the problem.
and (functions as a coordinating postposition that links two or more nouns of equal status)
사과에 배 를 샀다.
Sagwae baereul satda.
I bought an apple and a pear.

Usage notes

에 (-e) is only used on nouns denoting inanimate objects. For nouns denoting animate objects (usually people or animals), 한테 (-hante), 에게 (-ege), or 게 (-ge) is used instead.