後類

Chinese

		back; behind; rear back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later	kind; type; class kind; type; class; category; similar; like; to resemble
trad. (後類)		後	類
simp. (后类)		后	类

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hòulèi

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hau⁶ leoi⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hòulèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hòulèi
    • Wade–Giles: hou⁴-lei⁴
    • Yale: hòu-lèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: howley
    • Palladius: хоулэй (xoulɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ leɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hau⁶ leoi⁶
    • Yale: hauh leuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hau⁶ loey⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: heo⁶ lêu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐu̯²² lɵy̯²²/

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• Middle Chinese: huwX|huwH lwijH

Rime
Character	後	後	類
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	侯 (137)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I	III
Fanqie	胡口切	胡遘切	力遂切
Baxter	huwX	huwH	lwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦəuX/	/ɦəuH/	/liuɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəuX/	/ɦəuH/	/lʷiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣəuX/	/ɣəuH/	/ljuɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəwX/	/ɦəwH/	/lwiH/
Li Rong	/ɣuX/	/ɣuH/	/luiH/
Wang Li	/ɣəuX/	/ɣəuH/	/lwiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣə̯uX/	/ɣə̯uH/	/lwiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hòu	hòu	lèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau6	hau6	leoi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ|[ɢ]ˤ(r)oʔ-s  [r]u[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢoːʔ|ɢoːs  ruːls|ruds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	後	後	類
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hòu	hòu	lèi
Middle Chinese	‹ huwX ›	‹ huwH ›	‹ lwijH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁ(r)oʔ/	/*[ɢ]ˁ(r)oʔ-s/	/*[r]u[t]-s/
English	after	put after ?	category
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	後	後	類	類
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/2	2/2
No.	5178	5179	7770	7772
Phonetic component	後	後	頪	頪
Rime group	侯	侯	微	隊
Rime subdivision	0	0	2	3
Corresponding MC rime	厚	𠋫	纇	類
Old Chinese	/*ɢoːʔ/	/*ɢoːs/	/*ruːls/	/*ruds/
Notes	甲文象足受系而遲後（文源）

Noun

後類

1. (literary) descendants

   • 此六君者所染不當，故國家殘亡，身為刑戮，宗廟破滅，絕無後類，君臣離散，民人流亡。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     此六君者所染不当，故国家残亡，身为刑戮，宗庙破灭，绝无后类，君臣离散，民人流亡。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mozi, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version

     Cǐ liù jūn zhě suǒ rǎn bùdàng, gù guójiā cánwáng, shēn wéi xínglù, zōngmiào pòmiè, jué wú hòulèi, jūnchén lísàn, mínrén liúwáng. [Pinyin]

     Now, these six princes had been under bad influences. Therefore their states were ruined and they were executed, their ancestral temples were destroyed and descendants annihilated. The rulers and the subjects were dispersed and the people were left homeless.

Synonyms

• 後代／后代 (hòudài)