家人

Chinese

		home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools	man; person; people
simp. and trad. (家人)		家	人
anagram		人家

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiārén

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ ㄖㄣˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaa¹ jan⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ga¹ ngin³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâ-ngìn
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ka-jîn / ka-lîn / kia-gîn
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹cia-zen

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiārén
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ ㄖㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiarén
    • Wade–Giles: chia¹-jên²
    • Yale: jyā-rén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiaren
    • Palladius: цзяжэнь (czjažɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 佳人 家人

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaa¹ jan⁴
    • Yale: gā yàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹ jan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ga¹ yen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ga¹ ngin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³³ ᵑɡin²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-ngìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ga^ˊ ngin^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ga¹ ngin²
    • Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴ ŋin¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-jîn
    • Tâi-lô: ka-jîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kajiin
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-lîn
    • Tâi-lô: ka-lîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaliin
    • IPA (Taipei): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kia-gîn
    • Tâi-lô: kia-gîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kia'giin
    • IPA (Longyan): /kia³³⁴ ɡin¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹cia-zen
    • MiniDict: cia^平 zen
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jia-zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕia⁵⁵ zən²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: kae nyin

Rime
Character	家	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古牙切	如鄰切
Baxter	kae	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠa/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚa/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/ka/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨ/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/ka/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/ka/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ka/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiā	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaa1	jan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤra  ni[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraː  njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	家	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiā	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ kæ ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁra/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	household	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	家	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5919	10800
Phonetic component	家	人
Rime group	魚	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	嘉	仁
Old Chinese	/*kraː/	/*njin/

Noun

家人

1. one's family or family members

   您家人身體都好嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
   您家人身体都好吗？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nín jiārén shēntǐ dōu hǎo ma? [Pinyin]

   Is everyone in your family well?

   • 之子于歸，宜其家人。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     之子于归，宜其家人。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zhī zǐ yú guī, yí qí jiārén. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (Classical) ordinary people; commoner; plebeian; civilian; everyday person; person of humble birth
3. (Classical) domestic servant
4. 37th hexagram of the I Ching (䷤)

Synonyms

• (family members):

edit

• 六親／六亲 (liùqīn)
• 室 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 家室 (jiāshì)
• 家屬／家属 (jiāshǔ)
• 家庭成員／家庭成员 (jiātíng chéngyuán)
• 家裡人／家里人 (jiālǐrén)
• 屋下人 (Hakka)
• 屋企人 (uk¹ kei² jan⁴) (Cantonese)
• 親人／亲人 (qīnrén)
• 親屬／亲属 (qīnshǔ)
• 親戚／亲戚

 

• (ordinary people):

edit

• 一般人 (yībānrén)
• 世人 (shìrén)
• 世間人／世间人 (Hokkien)
• 人士 (rénshì) (literary)
• 人民 (rénmín)
• 人群 (rénqún)
• 人萌 (rénméng) (literary)
• 俗人 (súrén)
• 俗子 (súzǐ) (literary)
• 𫣆人 (Hakka)
• 兆民 (zhàomín) (archaic)
• 公眾／公众 (gōngzhòng)
• 凡人 (fánrén)
• 凡夫 (fánfū) (literary)
• 匹夫 (pǐfū) (literary)
• 四眾人／四众人 (si³ zing³ nang⁵) (Teochew)
• 士人 (shìrén) (archaic)
• 大眾／大众 (dàzhòng)
• 子民 (zǐmín) (historical)
• 布衣 (bùyī) (historical)
• 常人 (chángrén)
• 平人 (píngrén) (literary)
• 平常人 (píngchángrén)
• 平民 (píngmín)
• 庶人 (shùrén) (literary)
• 庶民 (shùmín) (literary)
• 斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese)
• 普通人 (pǔtōngrén)
• 民人 (mínrén) (literary)
• 民眾／民众 (mínzhòng)
• 烝民 (zhēngmín) (literary)
• 烝黎 (zhēnglí) (Classical Chinese)
• 白衣 (báiyī) (historical)
• 白衣人 (báiyīrén) (historical)
• 白身 (báishēn) (archaic)
• 白身人 (báishēnrén) (archaic)
• 百姓
• 眾人／众人 (zhòngrén) (literary)
• 萬姓／万姓 (wànxìng) (archaic)
• 群眾／群众 (qúnzhòng)
• 老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
• 良人 (liángrén) (literary)
• 草民 (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people)
• 草菅 (cǎojiān) (Classical Chinese, figurative)
• 草野 (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative)
• 萌 (literary)
• 野人 (yěrén) (archaic)
• 黎庶 (líshù) (literary)
• 黎民 (límín) (literary)
• 黎首 (líshǒu) (archaic)
• 黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic)
• 黔黎 (archaic)

 

• (domestic servant):

edit

• 使人 (literary)
• 傭人／佣人
• 僕人／仆人 (púrén)
• 僕役／仆役 (púyì)
• 僕隸／仆隶 (púlì) (literary)
• 太保 (tàibǎo) (literary, honorific)
• 奴僕／奴仆 (núpú)
• 奴役 (núyì) (literary)
• 底下人 (dǐxiarén)
• 臣僕／臣仆 (chénpú) (literary)
• 蒼頭／苍头 (cŏng-tàu) (Eastern Min, dated, derogatory)

 

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
家	人
け Grade: 2	にん Grade: 1

Noun

家(け)人(にん) • (kenin) 

1. (dated) one's family, (especially) one's wife
2. household; family and servants living within a house
3. (dated) household servants; retainers living in or frequently entering a noble family's house
4. (historical) a social rank just above 奴婢(ぬひ) (nuhi, “servant class”) [7th to 10th century]
5. (historical) alternative form of 御家人 (gokenin, “vassal”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
家	人
か Grade: 2	じん Grade: 1

Noun

家(か)人(じん) • (kajin) 

1. the family, one's family