家人

Chinese

		home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools	man; person; people
simp. and trad. (家人)		家	人
anagram		人家

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiārén

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaa¹ jan⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ga¹ ngin³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâ-ngìn
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ka-jîn / ka-lîn / kia-gîn
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹cia-zen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiārén
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiarén
  - Wade–Giles: chia¹-jên²
  - Yale: jyā-rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiaren
  - Palladius: цзяжэнь (czjažɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    佳人
    家人
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaa¹ jan⁴
  - Yale: gā yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ga¹ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ga¹ ngin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³³ ᵑɡin²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-ngìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga^ˊ ngin^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga¹ ngin²
  - Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴ ŋin¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-jîn
  - Tâi-lô: ka-jîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kajiin
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-lîn
  - Tâi-lô: ka-lîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaliin
  - IPA (Taipei): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kia-gîn
  - Tâi-lô: kia-gîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kia'giin
  - IPA (Longyan): /kia³³⁴ ɡin¹¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹cia-zen
  - MiniDict: cia^平 zen
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jia-zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕia⁵⁵ zən²¹/

Middle Chinese: kae nyin

Rime
Character	家	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古牙切	如鄰切
Baxter	kae	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠa/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚa/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/ka/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨ/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/ka/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/ka/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ka/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiā	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaa¹	jan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤra ni[ŋ]/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraː njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	家	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiā	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ kæ ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁra/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	household	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	家	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5919	10800
Phonetic component	家	人
Rime group	魚	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	嘉	仁
Old Chinese	/*kraː/	/*njin/

Noun

家人

one's family or family members
您家人身體都好嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
您家人身体都好吗？ [MSC, simp.]
Nín jiārén shēntǐ dōu hǎo ma? [Pinyin]
Is everyone in your family well?
- 之子于歸，宜其家人。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  之子于归，宜其家人。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zhī zǐ yú guī, yí qí jiārén. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(Classical) ordinary people; commoner; plebeian; civilian; everyday person; person of humble birth
(Classical) domestic servant
37th hexagram of the I Ching (䷤)

Synonyms

(family members):

edit

六親 / 六亲 (liùqīn)
室 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
家室 (jiāshì)
家屬 / 家属 (jiāshǔ)
家庭成員 / 家庭成员 (jiātíng chéngyuán)
家裡人 / 家里人 (jiālǐrén)
屋下人 (Hakka)
屋企人 (uk¹ kei² jan⁴) (Cantonese)
親人 / 亲人 (qīnrén)
親屬 / 亲属 (qīnshǔ)
親戚 / 亲戚

(ordinary people):

edit

一般人 (yībānrén)
世人 (shìrén)
世間人 / 世间人 (Hokkien)
人士 (rénshì) (literary)
人民 (rénmín)
人群 (rénqún)
人萌 (rénméng) (literary)
俗人 (súrén)
俗子 (súzǐ) (literary)
𫣆人 (Hakka)
兆民 (zhàomín) (archaic)
公眾 / 公众 (gōngzhòng)
凡人 (fánrén)
凡夫 (fánfū) (literary)
匹夫 (pǐfū) (literary)
四眾人 / 四众人 (si³ zing³ nang⁵) (Teochew)
士人 (shìrén) (archaic)
大眾 / 大众 (dàzhòng)
子民 (zǐmín) (historical)
布衣 (bùyī) (historical)
常人 (chángrén)
平人 (píngrén) (literary)
平常人 (píngchángrén)
平民 (píngmín)
庶人 (shùrén) (literary)
庶民 (shùmín) (literary)
斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese)
普通人 (pǔtōngrén)
民人 (mínrén) (literary)
民眾 / 民众 (mínzhòng)
烝民 (zhēngmín) (literary)
烝黎 (zhēnglí) (Classical Chinese)
白衣 (báiyī) (historical)
白衣人 (báiyīrén) (historical)
白身 (báishēn) (archaic)
白身人 (báishēnrén) (archaic)
百姓
眾人 / 众人 (zhòngrén) (literary)
萬姓 / 万姓 (wànxìng) (archaic)
群眾 / 群众 (qúnzhòng)
老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
良人 (liángrén) (literary)
草民 (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people)
草菅 (cǎojiān) (Classical Chinese, figurative)
草野 (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative)
萌 (literary)
野人 (yěrén) (archaic)
黎庶 (líshù) (literary)
黎民 (límín) (literary)
黎首 (líshǒu) (archaic)
黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic)
黔黎 (archaic)

(domestic servant):

edit

使人 (literary)
傭人 / 佣人
僕人 / 仆人 (púrén)
僕役 / 仆役 (púyì)
僕隸 / 仆隶 (púlì) (literary)
太保 (tàibǎo) (literary, honorific)
奴僕 / 奴仆 (núpú)
奴役 (núyì) (literary)
底下人 (dǐxiarén)
臣僕 / 臣仆 (chénpú) (literary)
蒼頭 / 苍头 (cŏng-tàu) (Eastern Min, dated, derogatory)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
家	人
け Grade: 2	にん Grade: 1

Noun

家(け)人(にん) • (kenin)

(dated) one's family, (especially) one's wife
household; family and servants living within a house
(dated) household servants; retainers living in or frequently entering a noble family's house
(historical) a social rank just above 奴婢(ぬひ) (nuhi, “servant class”) [7th to 10th century]
(historical) alternative form of 御家人 (gokenin, “vassal”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
家	人
か Grade: 2	じん Grade: 1

Noun

家(か)人(じん) • (kajin)

the family, one's family