孕

孕	U+5B55, 孕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B55

Translingual

Han character

孕 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 弓尸弓木 (NSND), four-corner 1740₇, composition ⿱乃子)

Derived characters

㚺䱆𠱆𢘩𢫡𥩯𥿱𨀊𨈯𨸳𡦆𡥸𡲪𡦔𤁛𫭧𬚕𫲬𭔤

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 277, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6938
Dae Jaweon: page 545, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1009, character 5
Unihan data for U+5B55

Chinese

simp. and trad.		孕
alternative forms		㚺

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 孕
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a pregnant woman with a fetus.

Etymology

Compare 盈 (OC *leŋ, “to fill; full, surplus”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yùn (yun⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jan⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yún

(Meixian, Guangdong): yin³
Northern Min (KCR): īng
Eastern Min (BUC): êng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): īn / ūn / ēng

(Teochew, Peng'im): rêng⁶ / hêng⁶ / uêng⁶ / hung⁷
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yun; ⁶yon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yùn
  - Wade–Giles: yün⁴
  - Yale: yùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunn
  - Palladius: юнь (junʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jan⁶
  - Yale: yahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
  - Hakka Romanization System: iun^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yun³
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯un³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iun^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yun³
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yin³
  - Sinological IPA: /in³¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: īng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: êng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛiŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: īn
  - Tâi-lô: īn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: in
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /in⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /in³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /in²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūn
  - Tâi-lô: ūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: un
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /un³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ēng
  - Tâi-lô: īng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ²²/

Note:

īn/ūn - vernacular;
ēng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: rêng⁶ / hêng⁶ / uêng⁶ / hung⁷
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jĕng / hĕng / uĕng / hūng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zeŋ³⁵/, /heŋ³⁵/, /ueŋ³⁵/, /huŋ¹¹/

Note:

rêng6/hêng6/uêng6 - literary:
- rêng6 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
- hêng6 - Chaozhou;
- uêng6 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.
hung7 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yun; ⁶yon
  - MiniDict: yuin^去; yon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhyn; ³hhion
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦyn²³/, /ɦioŋ²³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 孕
Mandarin	Beijing	/yn⁵¹/
	Harbin	/yn⁵³/
	Tianjin	/yn⁵³/
	Jinan	/yẽ²¹/
	Qingdao	/yə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/yn³¹²/
	Xi'an	/iẽ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/yə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/yŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ỹn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/yŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/yn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/zuən¹³/
	Guiyang	/zuen²¹³/
	Kunming	/ĩ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/yn⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/yn⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/yəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/iŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦyŋ²³/ /ɦioŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦyən³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦin¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jaŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/yʌ̃²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/yan⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/yn⁵⁵/ /yn¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/yn⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/yn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian
Hakka	Taoyuan	/in³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐn²²/
	Nanning	/yn²²/
	Hong Kong	/jɐn²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/iŋ²²/ /in²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ɛiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/zeŋ³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kua³³/

Middle Chinese: yingH

Rime
Character	孕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以證切
Baxter	yingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ieŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiŋ^H/
Li Rong	/iəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/jĭəŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯əŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l[i]ŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*lɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yùn
Middle Chinese	‹ ying^H ›
Old Chinese	/*l[i]ŋ-s/
English	pregnant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孕
Reading #	1/1
No.	16475
Phonetic component	孕
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	孕
Old Chinese	/*lɯŋs/

Definitions

孕

to be pregnant
- 婦孕不育，失其道也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  妇孕不育，失其道也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE
  Fù yùn bù yù, shī qí dào yě. [Pinyin]
  "A wife is pregnant, but will not nourish her child:" - she has failed in her [proper] course.
foetus
to contain
- 815, 白居易 [Bai Juyi], 與元九書 [Letter to Yuan Zhen]:
  
  於是乎孕大含深，貫微洞密，上下通而一氣泰，憂樂合而百志熙。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  于是乎孕大含深，贯微洞密，上下通而一气泰，忧乐合而百志熙。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  Yúshìhū yùn dà hán shēn, guàn wēi dòng mì, shàng xià tōng ér yī qì tài, yōu yuè hé ér bǎi zhì xī. [Pinyin]
  Therefore, it contains great and profound [truths]; it penetrates the minute and pierces the hidden; the emperor and his subjects communicate unobstructed and the qi of the world is peaceful; people unite in sorrow and joy, and all their feelings are harmonious.

Compounds

不孕 (bùyùn)
不孕性
不孕症 (bùyùnzhèng)
不孕真菌
人工受孕 (réngōng shòuyùn)
包孕 (bāoyùn)
包孕句
受孕 (shòuyùn)
可孕物質 / 可孕物质
子宮外孕 / 子宫外孕 (zǐgōng wàiyùn)
孕吐 (yùntù)
孕婦 / 孕妇 (yùnfù)
孕期 (yùnqī)
孕珠
孕穗 (yùnsuì)
孕育 (yùnyù)
懷孕 / 怀孕 (huáiyùn)
毓子孕孫 / 毓子孕孙
腹腔懷孕 / 腹腔怀孕
身孕 (shēnyùn)
避孕 (bìyùn)
避孕套 (bìyùntào)
避孕藥 / 避孕药 (bìyùnyào)

Japanese

Kanji

孕

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

孕 • (ing) (hangeul 잉, revised ing, McCune–Reischauer ing)

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Vietnamese

Han character

孕: Hán Nôm readings: dựng, dằng, dửng, rặng, nững, dững

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