升

See also: 昇 and 陞

升 U+5347, 升 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5347 ← 卆 [U+5346] CJK Unified Ideographs 午 → [U+5348]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

升 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹廿 (HT), four-corner 2440₀, composition ⿱丿廾)

Derived characters

• 㐼, 呏, 𡉧, 𡛈, 𢗢, 抍, 阩, 𬨠, 𣅮, 枡, 𤆭, 𥘥, 𮂶, 竔, 𮕭, 𰪮, 𥾷, 𦧌, 𭽎, 𰭰, 𮗤, 䛂, 𧿘, 𰼄, 𠦲, 𭅧, 𩫆, 𰅾, 𫧧, 𬹦, 𠧍
• 𬛲, 𰆁, 𠧌, 𦬱, 昇, 𦐒, 𧟨, 𠦿, 𰇌, 𡉼, 𮙶, 𨖲, 𫧪, 𡆼
• 𣃬, 𪣪, 𡎂, 𪣿, 陞, 陹, 𢱼, 𨕞, 𭽓, 𮫳, 𦭊, 𨌝, 𨬁

See also

• 飛

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 156, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2702
• Dae Jaweon: page 353, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 33, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5347

Chinese

simp. and trad.		升
alternative forms		昇 “to rise; to promote” 陞 “to rise; to promote” 斘

Glyph origin

Qin-era bronze standard dipper measuring one 升 (shēng) (sheng)

Historical forms of the character 升
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (升) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
升	*hljɯŋ
昇	*hljɯŋ
陞	*hljɯŋ
抍	*hljɯŋ, *ʔljɯŋʔ

Pictogram (象形) of a dipper, compare 斗.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shēng (sheng¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шын (šɨn, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sing¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂n

  (Hailu, HRS): shin^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sen¹

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): seng / chin

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng¹

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹sen

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sheng
    • Wade–Giles: shêng¹
    • Yale: shēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
    • Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шын (šɨn, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂəŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sing¹
    • Yale: sīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xing¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂n
    • Hakka Romanization System: siin^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨn²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shin^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃin⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sen¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sən⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng / chin
    • Tâi-lô: sing / tsin
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sefng, cyn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sin⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ³³/, /t͡sin³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sin⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sin⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sin⁴⁴/

Note:

• seng - literary ("to rise");
• chin - vernacular (measuring unit).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sêng¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹sen
    • MiniDict: sen^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sən⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: sying

Rime
Character	升
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	識蒸切
Baxter	sying
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiŋ/
Li Rong	/ɕiəŋ/
Wang Li	/ɕĭəŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-təŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	升	升
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēng	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ sying ›	‹ sying ›
Old Chinese	/*s-təŋ/	/*s-təŋ/
English	1/10th of a dǒu ⽃斗	rise (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	升
Reading #	1/1
No.	11300
Phonetic component	升
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	升
Old Chinese	/*hljɯŋ/

Definitions

升

1. a volume unit of measure:
   1. (historical) sheng, equal to 10 合 (hé)
   2. litre (unit of measure for volume, chiefly for liquid measure, equal to one thousandth of the cubic metre)

      常用容積單位升和毫升，也可以寫成L和mL。 [MSC, trad.]
      常用容积单位升和毫升，也可以写成L和mL。 [MSC, simp.]

      Chángyòng róngjī dānwèi shēng hé háoshēng, yě kěyǐ xiě chéng L hé mL. [Pinyin]

      Commonly used volume units such as litres and millilitres can also be written as L and mL.

2. to rise; to go up; to soar; to ascend (literally or figuratively)

   東升西落／东升西落  ―  dōng shēng xī luò  ―  to rise in the east and set in the west

   升值  ―  shēngzhí  ―  (finance) to appreciate (literally, "to rise in value")

3. to raise; to lift; to elevate; to promote

   升降機／升降机  ―  shēngjiàngjī  ―  elevator (literally "raising and lowering mechanism")

   老闆升了你的職。 [MSC, trad.]
   老板升了你的职。 [MSC, simp.]

   Lǎobǎn shēngle nǐde zhí. [Pinyin]

   The boss gave you a promotion (literally, "promoted your rank").

4. 46th hexagram of the I Ching; ䷭
5. Used in 升平 (shēngpíng, “peaceful”).
6. (music) sharp (♯)
7. a surname

Descendants

(Historical unit of measure)

• → Tocharian B: ṣank

Synonyms

• (litre): 公升 (gōngshēng), 市升 (shìshēng), 立升 (lìshēng)

Compounds

• 上升 (shàngshēng)
• 五穀不升
• 以升量石
• 免試升學 / 免试升学
• 入室升堂
• 公升 (gōngshēng)
• 升任 (shēngrèn)
• 升值 (shēngzhí)
• 升冪 (shēngmì)
• 升坐
• 升堂 (shēngtáng)
• 升堂入室
• 升堂拜母
• 升天 (shēngtiān)
• 升學 (shēngxué)
• 升學主義 / 升学主义
• 升官 (shēngguān)
• 升帳 (shēngzhàng)
• 升平 (shēngpíng)
• 升引
• 升斗
• 升斗之祿
• 升斗小民
• 升旗 (shēngqí)
• 升格 (shēnggé)
• 升沉
• 升火
• 升班 (shēngbān)
• 升科
• 升空 (shēngkōng)
• 升等 (shēngděng)
• 升等考試
• 升糖指數 (shēngtáng zhǐshù)
• 升糖素 (shēngtángsù)
• 升級 (shēngjí)
• 升級換代 / 升级换代
• 升記號 / 升记号
• 升遐 (shēngxiá)
• 升遷 (shēngqiān)
• 升降 (shēngjiàng)
• 升降機 (shēngjiàngjī)
• 升降舵 (shēngjiàngduò)
• 升騰 (shēngténg)
• 升高 (shēnggāo)
• 升高自下
• 回升 (huíshēng)
• 如日方升 (rúrìfāngshēng)
• 序升
• 折腰升斗
• 提升 (tíshēng)
• 揚升
• 擢升 (zhuóshēng)
• 攀升 (pānshēng)
• 教猱升木
• 斗升
• 斗升之水
• 斗升之祿
• 日升月恆 (rìshēngyuèhéng)
• 日月升恆 (rìyuèshēnghéng)
• 旭日初升
• 旭日東升 (xùrìdōngshēng)
• 晉升 (jìnshēng)
• 朝升暮合
• 東升 (Dōngshēng)
• 榮升
• 毫升 (háoshēng)
• 湧升流
• 爬升 (páshēng)
• 直升 (zhíshēng)
• 直升機 (zhíshēngjī)
• 竄升
• 裊裊上升 / 袅袅上升
• 設朝升殿
• 調升
• 超升 (chāoshēng)
• 躍升 (yuèshēng)
• 降升調
• 雞犬俱升
• 雞犬升天 (jīquǎnshēngtiān)
• 騰捷飛升 / 腾捷飞升
• 高升 (gāoshēng)
• 高升調

 

Japanese

Kanji

升

(Jōyō kanji)

Kanji in this term
升
ます Grade: S
kun'yomi

1. rise, ascend
2. measuring box

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しよう (syou, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しよう (syou, historical)}
• Kun: ます (masu, 升, Jōyō)、のぼる (noboru, 升る)

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ma̠sɨ]

Noun

升(ます) • (masu)  (counter 升)

1. a volume unit, equal to ²⁴⁰¹⁄₁₃₃₁ litres (approximately 1804 millilitres).
   1. a box used for measuring or serving sake in such volume.
   2. in bottled wine, it is measured in 1800 millilitres.

Etymology 2

From the similarity of the character to the katakana チート (chīto, “cheat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ma̠sɨ]
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕiːto̞]

Noun

升(ます) or 升(チート) • (masu or chīto) 

1. (video games, Internet slang) cheat

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
升
しょう Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

升(しょう) • (shō) 

1. a unit of volume, equal to 10 合 (gō) or about 1.8 liters

Korean

Hanja

升 (eum 승 (seung))

1. (되 승): A unit of volume equivalent to about 1.8 L.

Vietnamese

Han character

升: Hán Nôm readings: thăng, thưng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.