債

See also: 债

債 U+50B5, 債 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50B5 ← 傴 [U+50B4] CJK Unified Ideographs 傶 → [U+50B6]

Translingual

Han character

債 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人手一金 (OQMC), four-corner 2528₆, composition ⿰亻責)

Derived characters

• 𡢻 𮑫

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 114, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1022
• Dae Jaweon: page 244, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 207, character 10
• Unihan data for U+50B5

Chinese

trad.		債
simp.		债
alternative forms		責／责

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 債
Small seal script s05920
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
債	*ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ
積	*ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ
刺	*sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ
莿	*sʰeːɡs, *raːds
㓨	*sʰeɡs
朿	*sʰeɡs
漬	*zeɡs
耫	*zraːd, *zreːɡ
嘖	*ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀	*sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ
捒	*sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘	*ʔsreːɡ
簀	*ʔsreːɡ
嫧	*ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮	*ʔsreːɡ
責	*ʔsreːɡ
皟	*sʰreːɡ
憡	*sʰreːɡ
策	*sʰreːɡ
筴	*sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb
拺	*sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ
賾	*zreːɡ
鰿	*zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ
擌	*sreːɡ
蹟	*ʔseɡ
襀	*ʔseɡ
磧	*sʰeɡ
洓	*sʰeɡ
績	*ʔseːɡ
勣	*ʔseːɡ
樍	*ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).

Etymology

Cognate with 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ, “to request; to hold responsible”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhài (zhai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄞˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zai⁴

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): zāi

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): zhāi

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai³
• Gan (Wiktionary): zai⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chai

  (Hailu, HRS): zai^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zai⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): zai³
• Northern Min (KCR): ca̿i
• Eastern Min (BUC): cái
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chè / chèe / chài

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zê³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵tsa / ⁵tse
  • (Jinhua): ⁵tsa
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zai⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhài
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhài
    • Wade–Giles: chai⁴
    • Yale: jài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jay
    • Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zai⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai²¹³/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: zāi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sæ⁵⁵/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: zhāi
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): zhai⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaai³
    • Yale: jaai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːi̯³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: zai⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chai
    • Hakka Romanization System: zai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: zai^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sai¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡saɪ⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zai³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sai⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ca̿i
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cái
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑi²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
    • Tâi-lô: tsè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zex
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡se²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèe
    • Tâi-lô: tsèe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chài
    • Tâi-lô: tsài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zaix
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai⁴¹/

Note:

• chè/chèe - vernacular;
• chài - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zê³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsè
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡se²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsa
    • MiniDict: tsa^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsa
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sa³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sɑ⁵²³/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tse
    • MiniDict: tse^去
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sɛ⁴⁵/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsa
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡sɑ⁵⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zai⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai̯⁴⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 債
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡sai⁵³/ /ʈ͡ʂai⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡sai⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sai¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sai²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂe̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡sæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sa³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sɑ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/t͡se̞⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sa⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sa³²⁴/ /t͡sɛ³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/t͡sa⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sai⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sai⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sai³³/
	Nanning	/t͡sai³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sai³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sai²¹/ /t͡se²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sɑi²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sai³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡se²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sai³⁵/ /t͡sɛ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsreaH, tsreak

Rime
Character	債	債
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)	麥 (119)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	側賣切	側革切
Baxter	tsreaH	tsreak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛH/	/t͡ʃˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæH/	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃæiH/	/t͡ʃɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂaɨjH/	/ʈ͡ʂəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɛH/	/t͡ʃɛk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃaiH/	/t͡ʃæk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂaiH/	/ʈ͡ʂæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhài	zhe
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaai3	zak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tˤrek-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsreːɡs/, /*ʔsreːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	債
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhài
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrɛH ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tˁrek-s/
English	debt
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	債	債
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1744	1759
Phonetic component	朿	朿
Rime group	賜	錫
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	債	責
Old Chinese	/*ʔsreːɡs/	/*ʔsreːɡ/

Definitions

債

1. debt; loan; liabilities (Classifier: 條／条 mn-t)
2. (figurative) owed thing

Compounds

• 了債 / 了债
• 京債 / 京债
• 倒債 / 倒债
• 借債 / 借债 (jièzhài)
• 債主 / 债主 (zhàizhǔ)
• 債利 / 债利
• 債券 / 债券 (zhàiquàn)
• 債務 / 债务 (zhàiwù)
• 債務人 / 债务人 (zhàiwùrén)
• 債戶 / 债户
• 債樁 / 债桩
• 債權 / 债权 (zhàiquán)
• 債權人 / 债权人 (zhàiquánrén)
• 債權憑證 / 债权凭证
• 債臺高築 / 债台高筑 (zhàitáigāozhù)
• 償債 / 偿债 (chángzhài)
• 兒女債 / 儿女债
• 內債 / 内债 (nèizhài)
• 公債 / 公债 (gōngzhài)
• 公債券 / 公债券 (gōngzhàiquàn)
• 公司債 / 公司债
• 公司債券 / 公司债券
• 冷債 / 冷债
• 募債 / 募债
• 國債 / 国债 (guózhài)
• 國家公債 / 国家公债
• 外債 / 外债 (wàizhài)
• 宿債 / 宿债
• 建設公債 / 建设公债
• 抵債 / 抵债
• 捍債 / 捍债
• 揭債 / 揭债
• 揭債還債 / 揭债还债
• 放京債 / 放京债
• 放來生債 / 放来生债
• 放債 / 放债 (fàngzhài)
• 欠債 / 欠债 (qiànzhài)
• 欠債還錢 / 欠债还钱
• 氧債 / 氧债
• 流動負債 / 流动负债 (liúdòng fùzhài)
• 父債子還 / 父债子还
• 相思債 / 相思债
• 私債 / 私债
• 索債 / 索债 (suǒzhài)
• 膿血債 / 脓血债
• 自由公債 / 自由公债
• 舉債 / 举债 (jǔzhài)
• 血債 / 血债 (xuèzhài)
• 血債血還 / 血债血还 (xuèzhàixuèhuán)
• 討債 / 讨债 (tǎozhài)
• 討債鬼 / 讨债鬼
• 負債 / 负债 (fùzhài)
• 負債累累 / 负债累累 (fùzhài lěilěi)
• 賴債 / 赖债
• 躲債 / 躲债 (duǒzhài)
• 逃債 / 逃债 (táozhài)
• 逃債臺 / 逃债台
• 逼債 / 逼债 (bīzhài)
• 避債 / 避债 (bìzhài)
• 還債 / 还债 (huánzhài)
• 鉤腸債 / 钩肠债
• 風情月債 / 风情月债
• 風流債 / 风流债
• 麻衣債 / 麻衣债

Japanese

Kanji

債

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: せ (se)
• Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
• Kun: かり (kari, 債り)

Compounds

• 公(こう)債(さい) (kōsai)
• 国(こく)債(さい) (kokusai)
• 負(ふ)債(さい) (fusai)
• 債(さい)権(けん) (saiken)
• 債(さい)券(けん) (saiken)
• 社(しゃ)債(さい) (shasai)
• 学(がっ)校(こう)債(さい) (gakkōsai)
• 社(しゃ)債(さい)発(はっ)行(こう)費(ひ) (shasaihakkōhi)
• 負(ふ)債(さい)性(せい)引(ひき)当(あて)金(きん) (fusaiseihikiatekin)
• ワラント債(さい) (warantosai)
• 校(こう)債(さい) (kōsai)
• 学(がく)債(さい) (gakusai)
• 債(さい)務(む) (saimu)

Noun

債(さい) • (sai) 

1. loan, debt

Korean

Hanja

債 (eum 채 (chae))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

債: Hán Nôm readings: trái

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.