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Israel

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: israel, Ísrael, Israèl, İsrael, and Israël
Languages (24)
English
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Page categories

English

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The flag of the State of Israel
A location map of the State of Israel, with disputed territories shown in light green

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English Israel, from Old English, borrowed from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”).[1][2] In the Bible, it is said to be from the name יִשְׂרֶה אֵל (yisré 'él) given to Jacob in Genesis 32:29, after which his descendants came to be known as Israelites and their land as the "kingdom/land of Israel". The personal name, already attested in Eblaite 𒅖𒊏𒅋 (iš-ra-il) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 (yšrỉl),[3] has been variously translated as "he wrestles with God", "he prevails with God",[4] or "God rules" (possibly from the same root ש־ר־ה/ש־ר־ר as שָׂרָה (“Sarah”)).[5]

Line 27 of the Merneptah Stele (from about 1200 B.C.E.) is thought to contain the earliest attestation of the name Israel in any language, Egyptian ysrjꜣr.

iiz
Z1s Z1s
r		 iAr
Z1 T14		 A1 B1
Z2

Doublet of Yisroel.

Pronunciation

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  • enPR: ĭzʹrā-əl, ĭzʹrē-əl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əl/, /ˈɪz.ɹi.əl/
    (US) enPR: ĭzʹrāl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪl/
    (formal and posh RP) enPR: ĭzʹrā-ĕl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.ɛl/
    (in singing also) enPR: ĭzʹrī-ĕl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹaɪ.ɛl/
    (certain Carolina accents) IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹɛəl/
  • Audio (UK):(file)
  • Audio (US):(file)

Proper noun

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Israel (countable and uncountable, plural Israels)

  2. A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. Official name: State of Israel.
    • 2023 October 18, “We’re anti-Zionist Jews and we see genocide unfolding in Gaza”, in The Guardian‎[2], →ISSN:
      Representative Nancy Pelosi, our California congresswoman, has affirmed that the United States stands “unwaveringly” by Israel as it conducts its defense […]
  4. (biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.
  6. (historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel.
  8. (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah.
  9. (historical, Judaism, liturgical, otherwise now proscribed or offensive) The Jews as a people, taken collectively.
    • 2024 August 24 (last accessed), My Jewish learning, The Shema‎[3]:
      Hear O’ Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One
    • 2024 August 24 (last accessed), My Jewish learning, The Shema‎[4]:
      For our ancestors, for us, for our children, for every generation of the people Israel, for all ages from the first to the last, His teachings are true, everlasting.
  10. A male given name from Hebrew.
    1. Another name for Jacob, notably after Genesis 32:28 and in later references.
  11. A surname.
  13. A barangay of Imelda, Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines
    Synonym: Balian Israel — old name
    Coordinate terms: Balugo, Balungisan, Baluyan, Cana-an, Dumpoc, Gandiangan, Guintolan, Israel, La Victoria, Little Baguio, Lower Baluran, Lumbog, Lumpanac, Mali Little Baguio, Poblacion, Pulawan, San Jose, Santa Barbara, Upper Baluran — barangays of Imelda
    • 2015 June, “The Municipality of Imelda receives checks for the completion of their water system project”, in DILG IX‎[5]:
      These are intended for the completion of the Construction of Level II Water System Project for barangays Mt. View, Little Baguio and Israel under the BuB-Water and Construction of Brgy. Bulongisan-Canaan Level II Water Supply under the SALINTUBIG Program.

Usage notes

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  • (region): The use of Israel to refer to the region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea in a non-historical sense is (since the latter half of the 20th century) politically charged; indeed, this is true of all terms for this region.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Japanese: イスラエル (Isuraeru)

Translations

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See also

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countries in Asia (appendix)edit

References

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  1. ^ “Israel”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  2. ^ “Israel”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  3. ^ Michael G. Hasel, Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant (Brill, 1998)
  4. ^ James P. Boyd, Bible dictionary (Ottenheimer Publishers, 1958)
  5. ^ Victor P. Hamilton, The Book of Genesis: Chapters 18–50 (NICOT, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995)

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Afrikaans Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia af

Etymology

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Inherited from Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
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Asturian

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Asturian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ast

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /israˈel/ [iz.raˈel]
  • Rhymes: -el
  • Syllabification: Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

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Israel m

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
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Catalan

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Catalan Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ca

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Israel m

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
  2. a male given name, equivalent to English Israel
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Central Huasteca Nahuatl

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Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Central Nahuatl

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Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Danish

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Danish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia da

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Derived terms

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Finnish

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Finnish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fi

Etymology

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From Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈisrɑel/, [ˈis̠rɑ̝e̞l]
  • Rhymes: -isrɑel
  • Hyphenation(key): Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Declension

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Inflection of Israel (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative Israel —
genitive Israelin —
partitive Israelia —
illative Israeliin —
singular plural
nominative Israel —
accusative nom. Israel —
gen. Israelin
genitive Israelin —
partitive Israelia —
inessive Israelissa —
elative Israelista —
illative Israeliin —
adessive Israelilla —
ablative Israelilta —
allative Israelille —
essive Israelina —
translative Israeliksi —
abessive Israelitta —
instructive — —
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of Israel (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelini —
accusative nom. Israelini —
gen. Israelini
genitive Israelini —
partitive Israeliani —
inessive Israelissani —
elative Israelistani —
illative Israeliini —
adessive Israelillani —
ablative Israeliltani —
allative Israelilleni —
essive Israelinani —
translative Israelikseni —
abessive Israelittani —
instructive — —
comitative — —
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelisi —
accusative nom. Israelisi —
gen. Israelisi
genitive Israelisi —
partitive Israeliasi —
inessive Israelissasi —
elative Israelistasi —
illative Israeliisi —
adessive Israelillasi —
ablative Israeliltasi —
allative Israelillesi —
essive Israelinasi —
translative Israeliksesi —
abessive Israelittasi —
instructive — —
comitative — —
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelimme —
accusative nom. Israelimme —
gen. Israelimme
genitive Israelimme —
partitive Israeliamme —
inessive Israelissamme —
elative Israelistamme —
illative Israeliimme —
adessive Israelillamme —
ablative Israeliltamme —
allative Israelillemme —
essive Israelinamme —
translative Israeliksemme —
abessive Israelittamme —
instructive — —
comitative — —
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelinne —
accusative nom. Israelinne —
gen. Israelinne
genitive Israelinne —
partitive Israelianne —
inessive Israelissanne —
elative Israelistanne —
illative Israeliinne —
adessive Israelillanne —
ablative Israeliltanne —
allative Israelillenne —
essive Israelinanne —
translative Israeliksenne —
abessive Israelittanne —
instructive — —
comitative — —
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelinsa —
accusative nom. Israelinsa —
gen. Israelinsa
genitive Israelinsa —
partitive Israeliaan
Israeliansa 		—
inessive Israelissaan
Israelissansa 		—
elative Israelistaan
Israelistansa 		—
illative Israeliinsa —
adessive Israelillaan
Israelillansa 		—
ablative Israeliltaan
Israeliltansa 		—
allative Israelilleen
Israelillensa 		—
essive Israelinaan
Israelinansa 		—
translative Israelikseen
Israeliksensa 		—
abessive Israelittaan
Israelittansa 		—
instructive — —
comitative — —

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Latin Israel, Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈiːsʁaeːl]
  • IPA(key): [ˈɪsʁaeːl] (less common)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. (biblical) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
    • 1912, Lutherbibel 1912, 1.Mose 32, 29 (Luther Bible 1912, Genesis 32:29):
      Er sprach: Du sollst nicht mehr Jakob heißen, sondern Israel; denn du hast mit Gott und mit Menschen gekämpft und bist obgelegen.
      And he said: Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel; for thou hast power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.

Proper noun

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Israel n (proper noun, genitive Israels or (optionally with an article) Israel)

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean; official name: Staat Israel)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “Israel” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “Israel” in Duden online

Hunsrik

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Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵלbor.
    Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl)bor.
    Ecclesiastical Latin Israellbor.
    Old Galician-Portuguese Israel
    Brazilian Portuguese Israelbor.
    Hunsrik Israel

    Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese Israel.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /israˈeːl/
    • Rhymes: -eːl
    • Syllabification: Is‧ra‧el

    Proper noun

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    Israel n

    1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
    [edit]

    See also

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    countries in Asia: asiatische Land (appendix)edit

    References

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    • Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “Israel”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 83, column 2

    Iban

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from English Israel.

    Pronunciation

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    Proper noun

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    Israel

    1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

    Adjective

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    Israel

    1. Israeli

    Indonesian

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    Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia id

    Etymology

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    From Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל. Doublet of Israil.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): [ɪsˈrael]
    • Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧él

    Proper noun

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    Israel

    1. Israel:
      1. A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean
      2. (biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people
      3. (historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel
      4. (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah
      5. the Jews, taken collectively
        Synonym: Yahudi

    Further reading

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    Interlingua

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    Pronunciation

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    Proper noun

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    Israel

    1. (all senses) Israel

    Latin

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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      Borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl). The spelling Istrāhēl, from Ἰστρᾱήλ (Istrāḗl), was predominant until the dissemination of Jerome’s Vulgate (5th century CE), which popularized Isrāhēl. The h was gradually lost thereafter.[1]

      Pronunciation

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      Proper noun

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      Isrāēl m sg (genitive Isrāēl or Isrāēlis); indeclinable, variously declined, third declension

      1. (Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
        • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.32.28:
          At ille: Nequaquam, inquit, Iacob appellabitur nomen tuum, sed Israhel: quoniam si contra Deum fortis fuisti quanto magis contra homines praevalebis.
          (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      2. (New Latin) Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

      Declension

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      Indeclinable noun or third-declension noun, singular only.

      singular
      nominative Isrāēl
      genitive Isrāēl
      Isrāēlis
      dative Isrāēl
      Isrāēlī
      accusative Isrāēl
      Isrāēlem
      ablative Isrāēl
      Isrāēle
      vocative Isrāēl

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      Descendants

      References

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      1. ^ Souter, Alexander (1949) “Istrahēl”, in A Glossary of Later Latin to 600 A.D.‎[1], 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, published 1957, page 222

      Norwegian Bokmål

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      Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia no

      Proper noun

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      Israel

      1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

      Derived terms

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      [edit]

      Norwegian Nynorsk

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      Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia nn

      Proper noun

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      Israel

      1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

      Derived terms

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      Old Galician-Portuguese

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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        Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin Israel, borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

        Proper noun

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        Israel m

        1. (biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)
        2. (biblical) Israel (another name for Jacob)

        Descendants

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        • Galician: Israel
        • Portuguese: Israel (see there for further descendants)

        References

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        • Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “[ijys?r+ael]”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

        Plautdietsch

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        Noun

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        Israel n

        1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

        Portuguese

        [edit]
        Portuguese Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia pt

        Etymology

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          Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Israel, borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin Israel, borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

          Pronunciation

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          • (Portugal) IPA(key): /iʒ.ʁɐˈɛl/ [iʒ.ʁɐˈɛɫ]
            • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /iʒ.ʁɐˈɛ.li/

          • Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɛl, (Brazil) -ɛw
          • Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el

          Proper noun

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          Israel m (plural Israéis)

          1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean; official name: Estado de Israel)
          2. (biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)
          3. a male given name, equivalent to English Israel

          Usage notes

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          Israel is never indicated by an article; see usage notes for Portugal.

          Coordinate terms

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          countries in Asia: países da Ásia (appendix)edit

          Derived terms

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          Descendants

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          Romanian

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          Romanian Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia ro

          Etymology

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          Borrowed from Hebrew ישראל.

          Pronunciation

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          Proper noun

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          Israel n

          1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

          Declension

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          Declension of Israel
          singular only indefinite definite
          nominative-accusative Israel Israelul
          genitive-dative Israel Israelului
          vocative Israelule

          Spanish

          [edit]
          Spanish Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia es

          Pronunciation

          [edit]
          • IPA(key): /israˈel/ [iz.raˈel]
          • Audio (Spain):(file)
          • Rhymes: -el
          • Syllabification: Is‧ra‧el ~ [is.r̥a'el]

          Proper noun

          [edit]

          Israel m

          1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
          2. Jacob
            • 1602, Casiodoro de Reina, La Santa Biblia, rev., Genesis 32:28
              Y él dijo: No se dirá más tu nombre Jacob, sino Israel: porque has peleado con Dios y con los hombres, y has vencido.
              And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
              (KJV)
          3. a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Israel

          Derived terms

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          Anagrams

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          Swedish

          [edit]
          Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia sv

          Pronunciation

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          • IPA(key): /²iːsˌrɛːl/
          • Audio:(file)
          • Hyphenation: Is‧rael

          Proper noun

          [edit]

          Israel n (genitive Israels)

          1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
          [edit]

          References

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          Tagalog

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          Etymology

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          Borrowed from Spanish Israel (“Israel”), from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”).

          Pronunciation

          [edit]

          Proper noun

          [edit]

          Israél (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇᜁᜎ᜔)

          1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
          2. (biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)
          3. a male given name, equivalent to English Israel

          Coordinate terms

          [edit]
          countries in Asia (Latin script): mga bansa sa Asya (appendix)edit
          [edit]

          Further reading

          [edit]
          • “Israel”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

          Welsh

          [edit]
          Welsh Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia cy

          Etymology

          [edit]

          Latin Israel, from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl).

          Pronunciation

          [edit]

          Proper noun

          [edit]

          Israel f

          1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

          Coordinate terms

          [edit]
          countries in Asia: gwledydd Asia (appendix)edit

          Derived terms

          [edit]

          Mutation

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          Mutated forms of Israel
          radical soft nasal h-prothesis
          Israel unchanged unchanged Hisrael

          Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
          All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

          Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Israel&oldid=84301856"