Irak

See also: Irák, Írak, and ırak

English

Proper noun

Irak

1. (dated and non-native speakers' English) Rare spelling of Iraq.
   • 1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 41:

     Ben Shohnah relates, that in the year 456 of the Hejira, in the reign of Caiem, the twenty-sixth caliph of the house of Abbas, a report was raised in Bagdad which immediately spread throughout the whole province of Irak, that some Turks being out hunting saw in the desert a black tent, beneath which there was a number of people of both sexes, who were beating their cheeks, and uttering loud cries, as is the custom in the East when any one is dead.

Anagrams

• kira, raik, rika, Rika, Arik, krai, ikra, Kira, Kari, raki

Afrikaans

Proper noun

Irak

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East; capital: Bagdad)

Derived terms

• Irakiër
• Irakkees
• Iraks

Albanian

Proper noun

Irak m (definite Iraku)

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

   Synonym: Republika e Irakut

Declension

Declension of Irak

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	Irak	Iraku
accusative		Irakun
dat./abl.	Iraku	Irakut

Central Huasteca Nahuatl

Proper noun

Irak

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Danish

Proper noun

Irak

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Related terms

• iraker
• irakisk

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iˈrɑk/

• Audio:

  (file)

Proper noun

Irak n

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Faroese

Proper noun

Irak n

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Declension

	singular
	indefinite
nominative	Irak
accusative	Irak
dative	Iraki
genitive	Iraks

Finnish

Etymology

From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈirɑk/, [ˈirɑ̝k]
• Rhymes: -irɑk
• Hyphenation^(key): I‧rak

Proper noun

Irak

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

   Irakin tasavalta ― Republic of Iraq

Declension

Inflection of Irak (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
nominative		Irak	—
genitive		Irakin	—
partitive		Irakia	—
illative		Irakiin	—
		singular	plural
nominative		Irak	—
accusative	nom.	Irak	—
	gen.	Irakin
genitive		Irakin	—
partitive		Irakia	—
inessive		Irakissa	—
elative		Irakista	—
illative		Irakiin	—
adessive		Irakilla	—
ablative		Irakilta	—
allative		Irakille	—
essive		Irakina	—
translative		Irakiksi	—
abessive		Irakitta	—
instructive		—	—
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of Irak (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Irakini — accusative nom. Irakini — gen. Irakini genitive Irakini — partitive Irakiani — inessive Irakissani — elative Irakistani — illative Irakiini — adessive Irakillani — ablative Irakiltani — allative Irakilleni — essive Irakinani — translative Irakikseni — abessive Irakittani — instructive — — comitative — — second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Irakisi — accusative nom. Irakisi — gen. Irakisi genitive Irakisi — partitive Irakiasi — inessive Irakissasi — elative Irakistasi — illative Irakiisi — adessive Irakillasi — ablative Irakiltasi — allative Irakillesi — essive Irakinasi — translative Irakiksesi — abessive Irakittasi — instructive — — comitative — — first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Irakimme — accusative nom. Irakimme — gen. Irakimme genitive Irakimme — partitive Irakiamme — inessive Irakissamme — elative Irakistamme — illative Irakiimme — adessive Irakillamme — ablative Irakiltamme — allative Irakillemme — essive Irakinamme — translative Irakiksemme — abessive Irakittamme — instructive — — comitative — — second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Irakinne — accusative nom. Irakinne — gen. Irakinne genitive Irakinne — partitive Irakianne — inessive Irakissanne — elative Irakistanne — illative Irakiinne — adessive Irakillanne — ablative Irakiltanne — allative Irakillenne — essive Irakinanne — translative Irakiksenne — abessive Irakittanne — instructive — — comitative — — third-person possessor singular plural nominative Irakinsa — accusative nom. Irakinsa — gen. Irakinsa genitive Irakinsa — partitive Irakiaan Irakiansa — inessive Irakissaan Irakissansa — elative Irakistaan Irakistansa — illative Irakiinsa — adessive Irakillaan Irakillansa — ablative Irakiltaan Irakiltansa — allative Irakilleen Irakillensa — essive Irakinaan Irakinansa — translative Irakikseen Irakiksensa — abessive Irakittaan Irakittansa — instructive — — comitative — —

Derived terms

• irakilainen

Anagrams

• Kari, arki, kari, raki

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i.ʁak/

• Audio:

  (file)

Proper noun

Irak m

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Derived terms

• État islamique d’Irak
• État islamique en Irak et au Levant

See also

• (countries of Asia) pays d’Asie; Afghanistan, Arabie saoudite, Arménie, Azerbaïdjan, Bahreïn, Bangladesh, Bhoutan, Birmanie, Brunei, Cambodge, Chine, Chypre, Corée du Nord, Corée du Sud, Émirats arabes unis, Géorgie, Inde, Indonésie, Iran, Irak, Israël, Japon, Jordanie, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Koweït, Laos, Liban, Malaisie, Maldives, Mongolie, Népal, Oman, Ouzbékistan, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Qatar, Russie, Singapour, Sri Lanka, Syrie, Tadjikistan, Thaïlande, Timor oriental, Turquie, Turkménistan, Vietnam, Yémen ^{(Category: fr:Countries in Asia)}

German

Alternative forms

• Erack (obsolete)
• Irack (obsolete)
• Jerack (in Fraktur with a single type J for I and J; obsolete)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iˈʁaːk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːk

Proper noun

Irak m or n (proper noun, strong, genitive Iraks or Irak, plural Irak)

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)
   • (Can we date this quote?), Siegfried Auermann, Germanen und Wikinger. Wikingerfahrten, Normanenreiche, Runenkunde, Reinhard Welz Vermittler Verlag Mannheim e.K., page 101:

     Dreißig Jahre nachher fuhren ſie auf Strömen und über Land in das Kaſpische Meer hinein, ſpäter drangen ſie gar bis nach Aserbeidſchan und in das Irak vor.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1821, Friedrich Chriſtoph Schloſſer, Weltgeſchichte in zuſammenhängender Erzählung. Dritten Bandes erſter Theil, page 82:

     Auch mit ſeinem Halbbruder Mohammed mußte er hernach theilen h); dieſer behielt Aderbidſchan und ihm ſelbst blieb nur die Herrſchaft des Oſtens und die Oberlehnsherrſchaft über beide Irak.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1824, Joſeph von Hammer, Motenebbi, der größte arabiſche Dichter, page XXIX:

     Motenebbi hatte zwar ſelbst nach ſeiner Trennung von Seifeddewlet desſelben in mittelbarem und unmittelbarem Lobe gedacht, aber er fühlte ſich doch nicht mehr an deſſen Hof hingezogen, und begab ſich nun an den des großen Fürſten der Dynaſtie Bujeh, Adhad-ed-dewlet, welcher die beyden Irak (das arabiſche und perſiſche) beherrſchte, und wechſelweiſe in den Hauptſtädten dieſer beyden Länder, zu Schiraſ und Bagdad, reſidierte.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

• The word is sometimes used without a definite article as in English: Irak, in Irak. In this case, the genitive is always Iraks, for example Iraks Hauptstadt – "Iraq's capital".
• More commonly, however, the definite article is used with the name: der Irak, im Irak. In this case, the genitive usually is des Irak, although des Iraks is also correct: die Hauptstadt des Irak(s) – "the capital of Iraq".
• The plural refers to the Arabian or Arab Iraq and the Persian Iraq.

Derived terms

• Iraker
• irakisch
• Irak-Dinar
• Irakkrieg

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈirɒk]
• Hyphenation: Irak
• Rhymes: -ɒk

Proper noun

Irak

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	Irak	—
accusative	Irakot	—
dative	Iraknak	—
instrumental	Irakkal	—
causal-final	Irakért	—
translative	Irakká	—
terminative	Irakig	—
essive-formal	Irakként	—
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	Irakban	—
superessive	Irakon	—
adessive	Iraknál	—
illative	Irakba	—
sublative	Irakra	—
allative	Irakhoz	—
elative	Irakból	—
delative	Irakról	—
ablative	Iraktól	—
non-attributive possessive - singular	Iraké	—
non-attributive possessive - plural	Irakéi	—

Possessive forms of Irak
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	Irakom	—
2nd person sing.	Irakod	—
3rd person sing.	Irakja	—
1st person plural	Irakunk	—
2nd person plural	Irakotok	—
3rd person plural	Irakjuk	—

Derived terms

• iraki

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch Irak, from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq, “Iraq”), of uncertain derivation. Medieval Arabic uses ‘Iraq’ as a geographical term for the area in the south and center of the modern Iraq. Some Arabic sources say that Iraq comes from عَرِيق (ʕarīq, “deep-rooted”), from عِرْق (ʕirq, “root”), while others say it is from Middle Persian's Middle Persian ˀl'k' (/⁠erāg⁠/, “lowlands”), due to historic rule from Iraq's plateau-situated neighbor, Persia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈirak̚]
• Hyphenation: I‧rak

Proper noun

Irak

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

See also

• (countries of Asia) negara-negara di Asia; Afganistan, Arab Saudi, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Filipina, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Irak, Iran, Israel, Jepang, Kamboja, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Korea Selatan, Korea Utara, Kuwait, Laos, Libanon, Maladewa, Malaysia, Mesir, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Palestina, Qatar, Rusia, Singapura, Siprus, Sri Lanka, Suriah, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor Leste, Tiongkok, Turki, Turkmenistan, Uni Emirat Arab, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yaman, Yordania

Further reading

• “Irak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Norwegian Bokmål

Proper noun

Irak

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Related terms

• iraker
• irakisk, iraksk

Norwegian Nynorsk

Proper noun

Irak

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Related terms

• irakar
• irakisk, iraksk

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.rak/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -irak
• Syllabification: I‧rak

Proper noun

Irak m

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Declension

Declension of Irak

	singular
nominative	Irak
genitive	Iraku
dative	Irakowi
accusative	Irak
instrumental	Irakiem
locative	Iraku
vocative	Iraku

Derived terms

adjective

• iracki

 

nouns

• Irakijczyk
• Irakijka

 

Further reading

• Irak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• Irak in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Proper noun

Irak n

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǐraːk/
• Hyphenation: I‧rak

Proper noun

Ìrāk m (Cyrillic spelling Ѝра̄к)

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Declension

Declension of Irak

	singular
nominative	Ìrāk
genitive	Iráka
dative	Iraku
accusative	Irak
vocative	Irake
locative	Iraku
instrumental	Irakom

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈirak]

Proper noun

Irak m inan (genitive singular Iraku, declension pattern of dub)

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Declension

Declension of Irak

	singulare tantum
nominative	Irak
genitive	Iraku
dative	Iraku
accusative	Irak
locative	Iraku
instrumental	Irakom

Derived terms

• Iračan m
• Iračanka f
• iracký

Further reading

• “Irak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iráːk/

Proper noun

Irȃk m inan

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nominative	Irák
genitive	Iráka
	singular
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	Irák
genitive (rodȋlnik)	Iráka
dative (dajȃlnik)	Iráku
accusative (tožȋlnik)	Irák
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	Iráku
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	Irákom

Related terms

• Iračàn / Iračánka
• iráški

Spanish

Alternative forms

• Iraq

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iˈɾak/ [iˈɾak]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ak
• Syllabification: I‧rak

Proper noun

Irak m

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Usage notes

• The definite article is optional when referring to Iraq's exonym in Spanish (i.e. el Iraq). In writing, it tends to be preceded by the definite article when spelt with a 'q' and tends to lack the article when spelt with a 'k' although this may vary regionally.

Related terms

• iraquí

 

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Proper noun

Irak

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪˈrɑːk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːk

Proper noun

Irak n (genitive Iraks)

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Derived terms

• irakier
• irakisk
• irakiska

References

• Irak in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• Svensk MeSH

Anagrams

• rika

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish Irak (“Iraq”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔiˈɾak/ [ʔɪˈɾak̚]
• Rhymes: -ak
• Syllabification: I‧rak

Proper noun

Irák (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜃ᜔)

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Anagrams

• kari

Turkish

Picture dictionary

Irak

Levant

Suriye

Lübnan

Filistin

İsrail

Ürdün

Mısır

Suudi Arabistan

Irak

Türkiye

Kuzey Kıbrıs

Güney Kıbrıs

Akdeniz

Kızıldeniz

Nil

Fırat

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish عراق (“low country along a river, especially the Tigris”), from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɯːɾɑk/
• Hyphenation: I‧rak

• Audio:

  (file)

Proper noun

Irak

1. Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Declension

    declension of Irak

	singular	plural
nominative	Irak	Iraklar / Irak'lar
accusative	Irak'ı	Irakları / Irak'ları
dative	Irak'a	Iraklara / Irak'lara
locative	Irak'ta	Iraklarda / Irak'larda
ablative	Irak'tan	Iraklardan / Irak'lardan
genitive	Irak'ın	Irakların / Irak'ların

    possessive of Irak

	singular	plural
benim (my)	Irak'ım	Iraklarım / Irak'larım
senin (your)	Irak'ın	Irakların / Irak'ların
onun (his/her/its)	Irak'ı	Irakları / Irak'ları
bizim (our)	Irak'ımız	Iraklarımız / Irak'larımız
sizin (your)	Irak'ınız	Iraklarınız / Irak'larınız
onların (their)	Irak'ı / Irakları / Irak'ları	Irakları / Irak'ları

Derived terms

• Iraklı

See also

• (countries of Asia) Asya ülkesi; Afganistan, Azerbaycan, Bahreyn, Bangladeş, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, Bruney, Butan, Çin, Doğu Timor, Endonezya, Ermenistan, Filistin, Filipinler, Güney Kore, Gürcistan, Hindistan, Irak, İran, İsrail, Japonya, Kamboçya, Katar, Kazakistan, Kıbrıs, Kuveyt, Kuzey Kore, Kırgızistan, Laos, Lübnan, Maldivler, Malezya, Mısır, Moğolistan, Myanmar, Nepal, Özbekistan, Pakistan, Rusya, Singapur, Sri Lanka, Suriye, Suudi Arabistan, Tacikistan, Tayland, Tayvan, Türkiye, Türkmenistan, Umman, Ürdün, Vietnam, Yemen

References

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عراق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1292