溪

See also: 渓 and 谿

溪 U+6EAA, 溪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6EAA ← 溩 [U+6EA9] CJK Unified Ideographs 溫 → [U+6EAB]

Translingual

Han character

溪 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水月女大 (EBVK), four-corner 3213₄, composition ⿰氵奚)

Derived characters

• 𤐓, 𪷶, 𬉝, 鸂(㶉/𭰥), 𤄬, 𬞥

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 640, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17967
• Dae Jaweon: page 1047, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1702, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6EAA

Chinese

trad.		溪
simp. #		溪
alternative forms		谿 豀

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (奚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
謑	*qʰraːs, *qʰreːs, *ɡeːʔ
膎	*ɡreː
鞵	*ɡreː
榽	*ɡreː, *ɡeː
鷄	*keː
雞	*keː
谿	*kʰeː
嵠	*kʰeː
溪	*kʰeː
磎	*kʰeː
螇	*kʰeː, *ɡeː
鸂	*kʰeː
奚	*ɡeː
豯	*ɡeː
徯	*ɡeː, *ɡeːʔ
蹊	*ɡeː
騱	*ɡeː
傒	*ɡeː
鼷	*ɡeː
蒵	*ɡeː, *ɡeːs
貕	*ɡeː
慀	*ɡeːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰeː): semantic 氵 + phonetic 奚 (OC *ɡeː).

Etymology 1

Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *gle, whence Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao tl̥e (“river”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Tibetan རྐ (rka, “gutter; channel”) (Sagart, 2020b).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xī, qī (xi¹, qi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ, ㄑㄧ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kai¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kai¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): qi¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hâi

  (Hailu, HRS): hai^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hai¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): xi¹
• Northern Min (KCR): kái
• Eastern Min (BUC): kă̤
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ke¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khoe / khe / khere

  (Teochew, Peng'im): koi¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹chi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xī
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: si
    • Wade–Giles: hsi¹
    • Yale: syī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
    • Palladius: си (si)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, dated variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qī
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ci
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi¹
    • Yale: chī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
    • Palladius: ци (ci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kai¹
    • Yale: kāi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kei¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kai¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: qi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâi
    • Hakka Romanization System: hai^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hai¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hai̯²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: hai^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /hai⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hai¹
    • Sinological IPA: /haɪ⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xi¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕi¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kái
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kă̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ke¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ka̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰe⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Hsinchu, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
    • Tâi-lô: khue
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /kʰue⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kʰue³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
    • Tâi-lô: khe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /kʰe⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe³³/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khere
    • Tâi-lô: khere

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou:
  • khoe - vernacular;
  • khe - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: koi¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khoi
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰoi³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹chi
    • MiniDict: chi^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹qi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: khej

Rime
Character	溪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	苦奚切
Baxter	khej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰei/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰei/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛj/
Li Rong	/kʰei/
Wang Li	/kʰiei/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hai1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤe/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	溪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ khej ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰˁe/
English	valley with stream in it
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	溪
Reading #	1/1
No.	13360
Phonetic component	奚
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	谿
Old Chinese	/*kʰeː/
Notes	同谿

Definitions

溪

1. stream; creek; brook; rivulet; rill (Classifier: 條／条 m c)
2. (dialectal) river (Classifier: 條／条 mn)

   濁水溪／浊水溪 [Taiwanese Hokkien]  ―  Lô-chúi-khe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Zhuoshui River

   • 2006, “濁水溪之戀”, 武雄 (lyrics), 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao] (music)‎^[1]performed by 詹雅雯 [Chan Ya-wen] and 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao]:

     夢中定定甲伊行過彼條溪　猶原流著一段委屈的身世 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     梦中定定甲伊行过彼条溪　犹原流著一段委屈的身世 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     bāng-tiong tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ kah i kiâⁿ kòe hit tiâu khe, iu-goân lâu-tio̍h chi̍t tōaⁿ úi-khut ê sin-sè [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (Eastern Min) unsophisticated; gauche; stupid
4. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 溪 (MC khej)
5. a surname, Xi

See also

• 川 (chuān)
• 河 (hé)
• 江 (jiāng)

Compounds

• 下淡水溪
• 三溪 (Sānxī)
• 九畹溪 (Jiǔwǎnxī)
• 八掌溪
• 剡溪
• 卓溪 (Zhuóxī)
• 周溪 (Zhōuxī)
• 四溪 (Sìxī)
• 大安溪
• 大溪 (Dàxī)
• 大溪地 (Dàxīdì)
• 大甲溪
• 大肚溪
• 太平溪 (Tàipíngxī, “Taipingxi”)
• 孟家溪 (Mèngjiāxī)
• 小溪口 (Xiǎoxīkǒu)
• 小溪塔 (Xiǎoxītǎ)
• 小溪河 (Xiǎoxīhé)
• 山溪 (shānxī)
• 山溪坳 (Shānxī'ào)
• 岳溪 (Yuèxī)
• 左溪寺 (Zuǒxīsì)
• 巫溪 (Wūxī)
• 平溪 (Píngxī)
• 廣溪峽 / 广溪峡
• 新店溪
• 昂昂溪 (Áng'ángxī)
• 曾文溪
• 本溪 (Běnxī)
• 杉林溪
• 林家溪 (Línjiāxī)
• 東溪 / 东溪 (Dōngxī)
• 栗溪 (Lìxī)
• 楊溪灣 / 杨溪湾 (Yángxīwān)
• 楊溪鋪 / 杨溪铺 (Yángxīpù)
• 樂天溪 / 乐天溪 (Lètiānxī)
• 檀溪 (Tánxī)
• 歷溪 / 历溪 (Lìxī)
• 沙溪 (Shāxī)
• 沙鎮溪 / 沙镇溪 (Shāzhènxī)
• 泉溪 (Quánxī)
• 洋溪 (Yángxī)
• 浣紗溪 / 浣纱溪
• 浣花溪
• 清溪 (Qīngxī)
• 淯溪 (Yùxī)
• 溪丘灣 / 溪丘湾 (Xīqiūwān)
• 溪仔 (khe-á) (Min Nan)
• 溪友 (xīyǒu)
• 溪口坪 (Xīkǒupíng)
• 溪壑
• 溪客
• 溪州 (Xīzhōu)
• 溪床 (xīchuáng)
• 溪林 (Xīlín)
• 溪東 / 溪东
• 溪步
• 溪流 (xīliú)
• 溪湖 (Xīhú)
• 溪澗 / 溪涧 (xījiàn)
• 溪藤
• 溪谷 (xīgǔ)
• 溪錢 / 溪钱
• 溪頭 / 溪头
• 溪鴨 / 溪鸭
• 漿溪店 / 浆溪店 (Jiāngxīdiàn)
• 濁水溪 / 浊水溪 (Zhuóshuǐxī)
• 濂溪
• 玉溪 (Yùxī)
• 碧溪
• 磨針溪 / 磨针溪
• 礁溪 (Jiāoxī)
• 磻溪
• 礁溪鄉 / 礁溪乡
• 秀姑巒溪 / 秀姑峦溪
• 端溪
• 竹溪六逸
• 竹溪 / 竹谿 (zhúxī)
• 米潭溪 (Mǐtánxī)
• 苕溪
• 若耶溪
• 蘭陵溪 / 兰陵溪 (Lánlíngxī)
• 蘭陽溪 / 兰阳溪 (Lányángxī)
• 螺溪石硯 / 螺溪石砚
• 螺溪硯 / 螺溪砚
• 豐溪 / 丰溪 (Fēngxī)
• 赤溪河 (Chìxīhé)
• 雙溪 / 双溪 (shuāngxī)
• 霅溪
• 香溪源 (Xiāngxīyuán)
• 馬躍檀溪 / 马跃檀溪
• 鯉溪 / 鲤溪 (Lǐxī)
• 鱷溪 / 鳄溪
• 龍溪 / 龙溪 (Lóngxī)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 溪 – see 谿 (“used in compounds”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 谿).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

• “溪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “溪”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 314.

Japanese

Shinjitai	渓
Kyūjitai	溪

Kanji

溪

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 渓)

1. valley

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: けい (kei)
• Kun: たに (tani, 溪)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 溪 (MC khej). Recorded as Middle Korean 계 (kyey) (Yale: kyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

溪 (eumhun 시내 계 (sinae gye))

1. hanja form^? of 계 (“stream”)

Compounds

• 계곡 (溪谷, gyegok)
• 계류 (溪流, gyeryu)
• 계수 (溪水, gyesu)
• 청계 (淸溪, cheonggye)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

溪: Hán Nôm readings: khe, khê

1. Creek or stream