慈愛

See also: 慈爱

Chinese

		compassionate; gentle; merciful compassionate; gentle; merciful; kind; humane	to love; affection; to be fond of to love; affection; to be fond of; to like
trad. (慈愛)		慈	愛
simp. (慈爱)		慈	爱

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cí'ài

  (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ ㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁴ oi³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀-oi
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chîr-ài / chû-ài

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cí'ài
    • Zhuyin: ㄘˊ ㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cíh-ài
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²-ai⁴
    • Yale: tsź-ài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyray
    • Palladius: цыай (cyaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ci⁴ oi³
    • Yale: chìh oi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴ oi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴ oi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹ ɔːi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀-oi
    • Hakka Romanization System: cii^ˇ oi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ci² oi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr-ài
    • Tâi-lô: tsîr-ài
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴⁻²² ai⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chû-ài
    • Tâi-lô: tsû-ài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zu'aix
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ ai¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²³⁻³³ ai²¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su¹³⁻²² ai²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²⁴⁻²² ai²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzi 'ojH

Rime
Character	慈	愛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	疾之切	烏代切
Baxter	dzi	'ojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨ/	/ʔʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɨ/	/ʔəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zie/	/ʔɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɨ/	/ʔəjH/
Li Rong	/d͡ziə/	/ʔᴀiH/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭə/	/ɒiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi/	/ʔɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cí	ài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci4	oi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-ts]ə  [q]ˤə[p]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zɯ  qɯːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慈	愛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cí	ài
Middle Chinese	‹ dzi ›	‹ ʔojH ›
Old Chinese	/*[N-ts]ə/	/*[q]ˁə[p]-s/
English	loving, kind	to love; to grudge (< ‘draw close to oneself’?)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慈	愛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17845	1
Phonetic component	兹	愛
Rime group	之	隊
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	慈	愛
Old Chinese	/*zɯ/	/*qɯːds/
Notes		說文本從心旡聲

Adjective

慈愛

1. loving; affectionate; kind

Synonyms

edit

• 仁和 (rénhé) (literary)
• 仁愛 / 仁爱 (rén'ài)
• 仁慈 (réncí)
• 友善 (yǒushàn)
• 可親 / 可亲 (kěqīn)
• 和善 (héshàn)
• 和氣 / 和气
• 和藹 / 和蔼 (hé'ǎi)
• 善良 (shànliáng)
• 好心 (hǎoxīn)
• 惠 (huì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 惠愛 / 惠爱 (huì'ài) (literary)
• 慈祥 (cíxiáng)
• 祥和 (xiánghé)
• 腍善 (nam⁴ sin⁶) (Cantonese)
• 藹然 / 蔼然 (ǎirán) (literary)
• 隨和 / 随和

 

Antonyms

• 兇惡／凶恶 (xiōng'è)
• 猙獰／狰狞 (zhēngníng)

Noun

慈愛

1. love; affection; kindness; charity

   • 他愈是找著了熱心的，愈是給得多；於是慈愛的範圍愈推廣，永久的善也由此增加。 [MSC, trad.]
     他愈是找着了热心的，愈是给得多；于是慈爱的范围愈推广，永久的善也由此增加。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: c. 1948, Wang Weike (王維克), translator. Divine Comedy (Purgatory, Canto XV). English text based on the translation by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

     Tā yùshì zhǎozháole rèxīn de, yùshì gěi dé duō; yúshì cí'ài de fànwéi yù tuīguǎng, yǒngjiǔ de shàn yě yóucǐ zēngjiā. [Pinyin]

     So much it gives itself as it finds ardour,
     So that as far as charity extends,
     O'er it increases the eternal valour.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (慈愛):

• → Japanese: 慈(じ)愛(あい) (jiai)
• → Korean: 자애(慈愛) (jaae)
• → Vietnamese: từ ái (慈愛)

Japanese

FWOTD – 15 May 2019

Kanji in this term
慈	愛
じ Grade: S	あい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じあい [jìáí] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) じあい [jíꜜàì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑia̠i]

Noun

慈(じ)愛(あい) • (jiai) 

1. affection, frequently the love of a parent for a child
   • 2018 November 16, “‘Haha no jiai’ hatsugen, Koike chiji wa fukaikan [‘Mother’s love’ remark, Governor Koike uncomfortable]”, in Asahi Shimbun‎^[1], archived from the original on 8 June 2020:

     東(とう)京(きょう)都(と)の小(こ)池(いけ)百(ゆ)合(り)子(こ)知(ち)事(じ)は、今(こん)月(げつ)の全(ぜん)国(こく)知(ち)事(じ)会(かい)議(ぎ)で鳥(とっ)取(とり)県(けん)の平(ひら)井(い)伸(しん)治(じ)知(ち)事(じ)から「母(はは)の慈(じ)愛(あい)の心(こころ)を持(も)って」と言(い)われたことに対(たい)し、16(じゅうろく)日(にち)の定(てい)例(れい)会(かい)見(けん)で「私(わたし)は母(はは)になれなかった。安(あん)易(い)な発(はつ)言(げん)で、大(たい)変(へん)傷(きず)ついた」と不(ふ)快(かい)感(かん)を示(しめ)した。

     Tōkyō-to no Koike Yuriko-chiji wa, kongetsu no zenkoku chiji kaigi de Tottori-ken no Hirai Shinji-chiji kara “haha no jiai no kokoro o motte” to iwareta koto ni taishi, jūrokunichi no teirei kaiken de “Watashi wa haha ni narenakatta. An'ina hatsugen de, taihen kizutsuita” to fukaikan o shimeshita.

     Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike responded to Tottori governor Shinji Hirai’s comment at this month’s national governors’ meeting that she “has a mother’s affectionate heart”. During a regular interview on the 16th she expressed discomfort saying, “I never became a mother. This offhand comment hurt me terribly.”

Related terms

• 愛(あい) (ai, “love”)
• 恋(れん)愛(あい) (ren'ai, “romantic love”)
• 愛(あい)情(じょう) (aijō, “affection; love for a partner”)

References

• Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
慈	愛

Noun

慈愛 • (jaae) (hangeul 자애)

1. hanja form^? of 자애 (“love; affection; kindness”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
慈	愛

Noun

慈愛

1. chữ Hán form of từ ái (“love; affection; kindness”).