惡人

See also: 悪人 and 恶人

Chinese

	evil; to hate; to loathe evil; to hate; to loathe; nauseated	man; person; people
trad. (惡人)	惡	人
simp. (恶人)	恶	人
alternative forms	惡儂／恶侬 Min Nan

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): èrén

(Zhuyin): ㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ok³ jan⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): 'ngoh⁶ nyin⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ok-ngìn
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ok-lâng
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): aak² njan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: èrén
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: èrén
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴-jên²
  - Yale: è-rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ehren
  - Palladius: эжэнь (ežɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ok³ jan⁴
  - Yale: ok yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ok⁸ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: og³ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'ngoh⁶ nyin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈŋɔʔ⁵ n̠ʲin³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ok-ngìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: og^ˋ ngin^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: og⁵ ngin²
  - Sinological IPA: /ok̚² ŋin¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok-lâng
  - Tâi-lô: ok-lâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oklaang
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁵ laŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²³/

Note: “bad person”.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: aak² njan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ak̚³³ ɲən²¹/

Middle Chinese: 'ak nyin

Rime
Character	惡	人
Reading #	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	烏各切	如鄰切
Baxter	'ak	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑk̚/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑk̚/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑk̚/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔak̚/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/ʔɑk̚/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/ɑk̚/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔɑk̚/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	e	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ok³	jan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤak ni[ŋ]/

(Zhengzhang): /*qaːɡ njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	惡	人
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	è	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔak ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁak/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	bad, ugly	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	惡	人
Reading #	3/3	1/1
No.	14220	10800
Phonetic component	亞	人
Rime group	鐸	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	惡	仁
Old Chinese	/*qaːɡ/	/*njin/

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Jin”

Noun

惡人

bad person; vile creature; villain
- 見惡人，無咎。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  见恶人，无咎。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE
  Jiàn èrén, wú jiù. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 不立於惡人之朝，不與惡人言；立於惡人之朝，與惡人言，如以朝衣朝冠坐於塗炭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  不立于恶人之朝，不与恶人言；立于恶人之朝，与恶人言，如以朝衣朝冠坐于涂炭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Bù lì yú èrén zhī cháo, bù yǔ èrén yán; lì yú èrén zhī cháo, yǔ èrén yán, rú yǐ cháoyī cháoguān zuò yú tútàn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
one who offends others; one who causes themselves to be disliked (by being outspoken, etc.)
- 既然兄弟這般說了，我沒來由做甚麼惡人。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  既然兄弟这般说了，我没来由做什么恶人。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Shi Nai'an, Water Margin, circa 14^th century CE
  Jìrán xiōngdì zhèbān shuō le, wǒ méi láiyóu zuò shénme èrén. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(Classical) ugly person
- 衛有惡人焉，曰哀駘它。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  卫有恶人焉，曰哀骀它。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Wèi yǒu èrén yān, yuē Āitáitā. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 雖有惡人，齋戒沐浴，則可以祀上帝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  虽有恶人，斋戒沐浴，则可以祀上帝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Suī yǒu èrén, zhāijiè mùyù, zé kě yǐ sì Shàngdì. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

(bad person):

edit

兇徒 / 凶徒 (xiōngtú)
壞人 / 坏人 (huàirén)
壞人子 / 坏人子 (fai⁵ ren² zr) (Xiang)
壞分子 / 坏分子 (huàifènzǐ)
壞蛋 / 坏蛋 (huàidàn) (derogatory)
姦人 / 奸人 (jiānrén)
孬人 (mo² nang⁵) (Teochew)
宄 (guǐ) (literary)
惡徒 / 恶徒 (ètú)
拐家伙 (guai³ jia¹ ho) (Xiang)
歹人 (dǎirén)
歹囝 (Hokkien)
歹徒 (dǎitú)
海賊 / 海贼 (hāi-*chĕk) (Eastern Min)
衰人 (seoi¹ jan⁴) (Cantonese)

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (惡人):

→ Japanese: 悪人(あくにん) (akunin)
→ Korean: 악인(惡人) (agin)
→ Vietnamese: ác nhân (惡人)

Verb

惡人

(dialectal Jin) to anger someone; to offend others; to frame others

Pronunciation 2

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ok--lâng

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok--lâng
  - Tâi-lô: ok--lâng

Verb

惡人

(Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to scold someone in a brutal manner

Japanese

Kanji in this term
惡	人
あく Jinmeiyō	にん Grade: 1
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 惡人 – see the following entry.

【悪人あくにん】

[noun] bad person; villain

(This term, 惡人, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
惡	人

Noun

惡人 • (agin) (hangeul 악인)

hanja form^? of 악인 (“bad person; villain; evildoer”)