塗炭
See also: 涂炭
Chinese
[edit]| to smear; daub | charcoal | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (塗炭) | 塗 | 炭 | |
| simp. (涂炭) | 涂 | 炭 | |
| Literally: “to be (mired) in mud and coal”. | |||
Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tútàn
- Wade–Giles: tʻu2-tʻan4
- Yale: tú-tàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twutann
- Palladius: тутань (tutanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tou4 taan3
- Yale: tòuh taan
- Cantonese Pinyin: tou4 taan3
- Guangdong Romanization: tou4 tan3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
[edit]塗炭
- (literary) mire and charcoal ashes; (figurative) filthy place
- 立於惡人之朝，與惡人言，如以朝衣朝冠坐於塗炭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Lì yú èrén zhī cháo, yǔ èrén yán, rú yǐ cháoyī cháo guān zuò yú tútàn. [Pinyin]
- To stand in a bad prince's court, or to speak with a bad man, would have been to him the same as to sit with his court robes and court cap amid mire and ashes.
立于恶人之朝，与恶人言，如以朝衣朝冠坐于涂炭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary, figurative) harrowing situation; extreme distress; great affliction
- 有夏昏德，民墜塗炭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Forged Old Text of the Book of Documents, circa 3rd – 4th century CE
- Yǒuxià hūndé, mín zhuì tútàn. [Pinyin]
- The sovereign of Xia had his virtue all-obscured, and the people were (as if they had fallen) amid mire and (burning) charcoal.
有夏昏德，民坠涂炭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Verb
[edit]塗炭
- (literary) to be in a harrowing situation; to be in great distress
- (literary) to ravage or devastate such that one is in great distress
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Vietnamese: lầm than (calque)
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): thô͘-thòaⁿ
- (Teochew, Peng'im): tou5 tuan3
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thô͘-thòaⁿ
- Tâi-lô: thôo-thuànn
- Phofsit Daibuun: to'tvoax
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuã¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰuã²¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰuã²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tou5 tuan3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thôu thuàⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang)
Noun
[edit]塗炭
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 塗
- Chinese terms spelled with 炭
- Chinese literary terms
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Southern Min Chinese
- Teochew Chinese
- zh:Mining
- zh:Natural resources
- zh:Rocks