在居
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Chinese
[edit]to be at | that, place | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (在居) |
在 | 居 | |
alternative forms |
Etymology
[edit]Modern pronunciations resulted from lenition of 在 (MC dzojX|dzojH) and irregular evolution of 居 (MC ki|kjo) (Zhengzhang, 2008).
Alternatively Qian (1997) considers the second character to be cognate of the written form 介 found in late imperial Northern Wu literature.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 6le-ke; 6la-ke; 8laq-ke; 8leq-ke
- MiniDict: le去 ke; la去 ke; lah入 ke; leh入 ke
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3le-ke; 3la-ke; 5laq-ke; 5leq-ke
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²² ke⁴⁴/, /la²² ke⁴⁴/, /laʔ¹¹ ke²³/, /ləʔ¹¹ ke²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Northern: Ningbo)
- (Northern: Shanghai)
Verb
[edit]在居 (Northern Wu)
- to be at, to be in
Preposition
[edit]在居 (Northern Wu)
- at; in
- 現在呢,就是講,雖然就是比較嚴重,但是大家呢,一定要辣該屋裏向好好个隔離。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
- From: 2022: [1]
- 6yi-ze-neq 6jieu-zy 5kaon 1soe-zoe 6jieu-zy 5pi-ciau 6gni-zon 6de-zy 6da-ka-neq 7iq-tin 5iau 8laq-ke 7oq-li-shian 5hau-hau-gheq 7keq-li [Wugniu]
- Right now, uh, although it [Shanghai's lockdown] is more severe, but everyone, we must stay at home and properly distance ourselves.
现在呢,就是讲,虽然就是比较严重,但是大家呢,一定要辣该屋里向好好个隔离。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]- (at):
Adverb
[edit]在居 (Northern Wu)
- Used to indicate the continuous aspect.
- Used to indicate the perfective aspect.
Usage notes
[edit]This orthography is an etymological spelling that can be applied to all lects. However, its usage may be limited, and phonetic spellings, such as 辣該/辣该, 勒該/勒该, may be preferred instead.
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 正在, 刻正 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 正在, 在 |
Taiwan | 正在, 在 | |
Malaysia | 正在, 在 | |
Singapore | 正在, 在 | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 在 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處 |
Hong Kong | 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 喺度 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當, 在該, 當在 |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 當, 在該 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當, 在該 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當, 在該 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當, 在該 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 正在, 在遐 | |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 著𡅏, 𡅏 |
Fuqing | 著𡅏 | |
Singapore (Fuqing) | 著𡅏 | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧 |
Quanzhou | 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧 | |
Zhangzhou | 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 當時 | |
Tainan | 佇咧, 咧, 當咧 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 佇 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 佇, 佇咧 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 佇咧, 咧 | |
Shantou | 在 | |
Shantou (Chaoyang) | 在 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 在 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該 |
Ningbo | 來, 來的, 來該, 來當, 來東, 來勒 | |
Wenzhou | 是, 是搭 |
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 著 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 著 |
Taiwan | 著 | |
Harbin | 著 | |
Singapore | 著 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 著 |
Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 著 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 著 |
Xi'an | 著 | |
Xuzhou | 著 | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 倒 |
Guiyang | 倒 | |
Guilin | 倒 | |
Liuzhou | 倒, 穩 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 著 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 緊 |
Hong Kong | 緊 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 緊 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 倒 |
Hakka | Meixian | 等 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 等 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 等 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 等 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 緊 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 等 | |
Kuching (Hepo) | 緊 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 著 |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 緊 |
Wu | Shanghai | 勒海, 勒該 |
Hangzhou | 勒 | |
Ningbo | 的, 該, 當, 東, 仔, 勒眼 | |
Zhoushan | 底, 的 rare, 該, 當, 仔, 勒眼 |
See also
[edit]