哆

哆	U+54C6, 哆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54C6

Translingual

Han character

哆 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口弓戈弓 (RNIN), four-corner 6702₇, composition ⿰口多)

tremble, shiver, shudder, quiver

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 189, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3590
Dae Jaweon: page 408, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 620, character 8
Unihan data for U+54C6

Chinese

trad.		哆
simp. ^#		哆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (多) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
多	*ʔl'aːl
哆	ʔl'aːlʔ, ʔl'aːls, ʔr'aːls, hr'aːl, l̥ʰjaːlʔ, l̥ʰjalʔ, *l̥ʰjɯs
跢	ʔl'aːls, ʔl'aːds
痑	ʔl'aːls, l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːn
爹	daːʔ, tjaː
陊	l'aːlʔ, l'alʔ
橠	*naːlʔ
袲	naːlʔ, l̥ʰjalʔ, *lal
奓	ʔr'aːl, ʔr'aːls
栘	ɦljeːl, lal
黟	ʔleːl, ʔlil
趍	sʰlo, l'al
誃	l'al, l̥ʰjalʔ
簃	l'al, lal
眵	ʔljjal, l̥ʰjal
恀	ʔljalʔ, l̥ʰjalʔ, *ɦljalʔ
侈	*l̥ʰjalʔ
姼	l̥ʰjalʔ, ɦljal, *ɦljalʔ
鉹	l̥ʰjalʔ, lal
垑	*l̥ʰjalʔ
袳	*l̥ʰjalʔ
卶	l̥ʰjals, hljals
宜	*ŋral
誼	*ŋrals
竩	*ŋrals
移	*lal
迻	*lal
扅	*lal
拸	lal, lalʔ
熪	*lal
謻	*lal
蛥	*ɢljad

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): duō (duo¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛ
Cantonese (Jyutping): do¹ / do²
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): do¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): to

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: duō
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: duo
  - Wade–Giles: to¹
  - Yale: dwō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duo
  - Palladius: до (do)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: do¹ / do²
  - Yale: dō / dó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: do¹ / do²
  - Guangdong Romanization: do¹ / do²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔː⁵⁵/, /tɔː³⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: do¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /to⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: do¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɵ⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to
  - Tâi-lô: to
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doy
  - IPA (Xiamen): /to⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /to³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /to⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /to⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ⁴⁴/

Definitions

哆

Sound of hitting: tattoo
Used in 哆嗦 (duōsuo).
(dialectal) to purse (one's lips)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chǐ, chě (chi³, che³)

(Zhuyin): ㄔˇ, ㄔㄜˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci² / ce²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄔˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chǐh
  - Wade–Giles: chʻih³
  - Yale: chř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyy
  - Palladius: чи (či)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chě
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chě
  - Wade–Giles: chʻê³
  - Yale: chě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chee
  - Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ci² / ce²
  - Yale: chí / ché
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi² / tse²
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi² / cé²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³⁵/, /t͡sʰɛː³⁵/

Middle Chinese: trhae, tsyheX, taX, tsyhaeX

Rime
Character	哆	哆	哆	哆
Reading #	1/7	2/7	3/7	4/7
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)	昌 (24)	端 (5)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	支 (11)	歌 (94)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III	I	III
Fanqie	敕加切	尺氏切	丁可切	昌者切
Baxter	trhae	tsyheX	taX	tsyhaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰˠa/	/t͡ɕʰiᴇ^X/	/tɑ^X/	/t͡ɕʰia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰᵚa/	/t͡ɕʰiɛ^X/	/tɑ^X/	/t͡ɕʰia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰa/	/t͡ɕʰjɛ^X/	/tɑ^X/	/t͡ɕʰia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰaɨ/	/cʰiə̆^X/	/ta^X/	/cʰia^X/
Li Rong	/ȶʰa/	/t͡ɕʰie^X/	/tɑ^X/	/t͡ɕʰia^X/
Wang Li	/ȶʰa/	/t͡ɕʰǐe^X/	/tɑ^X/	/t͡ɕʰĭa^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶʰa/	/t͡ɕʰie̯^X/	/tɑ^X/	/t͡ɕʰi̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chā	chǐ	duǒ	chě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caa¹	ci²	do²	ce²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t-l̥]Ajʔ/, /*[t-l̥]ajʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'aːlʔ/, /*hr'aːl/, /*l̥ʰjaːlʔ/, /*l̥ʰjalʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	哆	哆
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chǐ	chǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhæ^X ›	‹ tsyhe^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[t-l̥]Ajʔ/	/*[t-l̥]ajʔ/
English	large	large
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	哆	哆	哆	哆
Reading #	1/7	4/7	5/7	6/7
No.	2638	2650	2652	2671
Phonetic component	多	多	多	多
Rime group	歌	歌	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	嚲	侘	奲	侈
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'aːlʔ/	/*hr'aːl/	/*l̥ʰjaːlʔ/	/*l̥ʰjalʔ/

Definitions

哆

(literary) with one's mouth open; mouth agape
Used in 哆然.

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhà (zha⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
  - Wade–Giles: cha⁴
  - Yale: jà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
  - Palladius: чжа (čža)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: traeH

Rime
Character	哆
Reading #	7/7
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	陟駕切
Baxter	traeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠa^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚa^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶa^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈaɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ȶa^H/
Wang Li	/ȶa^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶa^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaa³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔr'aːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	哆
Reading #	3/7
No.	2648
Phonetic component	多
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	吒
Old Chinese	/*ʔr'aːls/

Definitions

哆

^‡ Only used in 哚㕦 (“with a big mouth”).

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chì (chi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chì
  - Zhuyin: ㄔˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chìh
  - Wade–Giles: chʻih⁴
  - Yale: chr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyh
  - Palladius: чи (či)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: tsyhiH

Rime
Character	哆
Reading #	5/7
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	昌志切
Baxter	tsyhiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰɨ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiə^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭə^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰjɯs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	哆
Reading #	7/7
No.	2692
Phonetic component	多
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	熾
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰjɯs/

Definitions

哆

^‡ A kind of sound.

Pronunciation 5

Mandarin
(Pinyin): duò (duo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: duò
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: duò
  - Wade–Giles: to⁴
  - Yale: dwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duoh
  - Palladius: до (do)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: taH

Rime
Character	哆
Reading #	6/7
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	丁佐切
Baxter	taH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ta^H/
Li Rong	/tɑ^H/
Wang Li	/tɑ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	duò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	do³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'aːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	哆
Reading #	2/7
No.	2641
Phonetic component	多
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	跢
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'aːls/

Definitions

哆

^‡ A particle.

References

“哆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “哆”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 58.

Japanese

Kanji

哆

(Hyōgai kanji)

quiver, shiver, shudder, tremble

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

Go-on: し (shi)、しゃ (sha)、た (ta)
Kan-on: し (shi)、しゃ (sha)、た (ta)
Kun: おおきい (ōkii, 哆きい)^{←おほきい (ofokii, おほきい, historical)}、おおくち (ōkuchi, 哆)^{←おほくち (ofokuti, 哆, historical)}

Compounds

摩哆(また) (mata)

Usage notes

Used in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

Korean

Hanja

哆 • (chi, cha) (hangeul 치, 차, revised chi, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, ch'a, Yale chi, cha)

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