包舉

Chinese

		to cover; to wrap; to hold to cover; to wrap; to hold; to include; to take charge of; package; wrapper; container; bag; to hold or embrace; bundle; packet; to contract (to or for)	to lift; to hold up; to cite to lift; to hold up; to cite; to enumerate; to act; to raise; to choose; to elect
trad. (包舉)		包	舉
simp. (包举)		包	举

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bāojǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠ ㄐㄩˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baau¹ geoi²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bāojǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ ㄐㄩˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: baojyǔ
    • Wade–Giles: pao¹-chü³
    • Yale: bāu-jyǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baujeu
    • Palladius: баоцзюй (baoczjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: baau¹ geoi²
    • Yale: bāau géui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baau¹ goey²
    • Guangdong Romanization: bao¹ gêu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːu̯⁵⁵ kɵy̯³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: paew kjoX

Rime
Character	包	舉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	布交切	居許切
Baxter	paew	kjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠau/	/kɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚau/	/kiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/pau/	/kiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨw/	/kɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/pau/	/kiɔX/
Wang Li	/pau/	/kĭoX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pau/	/ki̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bāo	jǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	baau1	geoi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤ<r>u  C.q(r)aʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pruː  klaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	包	舉
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bāo	jǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ pæw ›	‹ kjoX ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁ<r>u/	/*C.q(r)aʔ/
English	wrap, bundle	lift, raise
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	包	舉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	273	15888
Phonetic component	勹	舁
Rime group	幽	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	包	舉
Old Chinese	/*pruː/	/*klaʔ/
Notes		舁轉註字，說文從手與聲， 漢碑隸變作此

Verb

包舉

1. (literary) to annex; to merge; to swallow up

   • 有席卷天下，包舉宇內，囊括四海之意，并吞八荒之心。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     有席卷天下，包举宇内，囊括四海之意，并吞八荒之心。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: late 1st century BCE, Jia Yi (賈誼), On the Crimes of Qin (《過秦論》)

     Yǒu xíjuǎn tiānxià, bāojǔ yǔnèi, nángkuò sìhǎi zhī yì, bìngtūn bāhuāng zhī xīn. [Pinyin]

     In his mind was the ambition to swallow up the entire world. (Literally, "to roll up the world as if with a mat, to hold the world as if in a bag, to catch the world as if by a sack, and to swallow the world whole.")

2. (literary) to summarize; to cover; to embrace

   • 有些惡意的宣傳家……用以證明什麼革命都包舉在三民主義裡面了，共產主義就失了存在的理由。 [MSC, trad.]
     有些恶意的宣传家……用以证明什么革命都包举在三民主义里面了，共产主义就失了存在的理由。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1940, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《新民主主義論》 (On New Democracy), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Yǒuxiē èyì de xuānchuánjiā...... Yòngyǐ zhèngmíng shénme gémìng dōu bāojǔ zài sānmínzhǔyì lǐmiàn le, gòngchǎnzhǔyì jiù shī le cúnzài de lǐyóu. [Pinyin]

     Certain malicious propagandists […] in order to prove that all kinds of revolutions are covered in the Three People's Principles and that communism therefore loses its raison d'être.

Synonyms

• (to annex):

edit

• 併吞／并吞 (bìngtūn)
• 侵吞 (qīntūn)
• 兼併／兼并 (jiānbìng)
• 吞
• 吞併／吞并 (tūnbìng)
• 吞噬 (tūnshì) (figurative)

 

• (to cover):

edit

• 儲藏／储藏 (chǔcáng)
• 包 (literary, or in compounds)
• 包含 (bāohán)
• 包孕 (bāoyùn)
• 包容 (bāoróng)
• 包括 (bāokuò)
• 包羅／包罗 (bāoluó)
• 包蘊／包蕴 (bāoyùn)
• 含
• 含有 (hányǒu)
• 含蓄 (hánxù)
• 囊括 (nángkuò)
• 容納／容纳 (róngnà)
• 涵括 (hánkuò)
• 涵蓋／涵盖 (hángài)
• 蘊含／蕴含 (yùnhán)
• 蘊涵／蕴涵 (yùnhán)
• 蘊藏／蕴藏 (yùncáng)
• 貯藏／贮藏 (zhùcáng)
• 連／连