仁者

Chinese

		humane; kernel	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does something)
simp. and trad. (仁者)		仁	者

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rénzhě

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄓㄜˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jan⁴ ze²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rénzhě
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄓㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rénjhě
    • Wade–Giles: jên²-chê³
    • Yale: rén-jě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renjee
    • Palladius: жэньчжэ (žɛnʹčžɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jan⁴ ze²
    • Yale: yàhn jé
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁴ dze²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen⁴ zé²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: nyin tsyaeX

Rime
Character	仁	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	如鄰切	章也切
Baxter	nyin	tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪn/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵin/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjen/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵin/	/ciaX/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕn/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕn/	/t͡ɕĭaX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/	/t͡ɕi̯aX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rén	zhě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan4	ze2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*niŋ  tAʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njin  tjaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	仁	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rén	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ nyin ›	‹ tsyæX ›
Old Chinese	/*niŋ/	/*tAʔ/
English	kind	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仁	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10801	16960
Phonetic component	人	者
Rime group	眞	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	仁	者
Old Chinese	/*njin/	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes		說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Noun

仁者

1. (formal) virtuous person; benevolent person

   • 子曰：「唯仁者能好人，能惡人。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「唯仁者能好人，能恶人。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐyuē: “Wéi rénzhě néng hào rén, néng wù rén.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "It is only the (truly) virtuous man, who can love, or who can hate, others."

   • 仁者愛人，有禮者敬人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     仁者爱人，有礼者敬人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Rénzhě ài rén, yǒulǐ zhě jìng rén. [Pinyin]

     A benevolent person loves others. A person of propriety shows respect to others.

Synonyms

• 仁人 (rénrén)

Derived terms

• 仁者見仁，智者見智 / 仁者见仁，智者见智 (rénzhě jiàn rén, zhìzhě jiàn zhì)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (仁者):

• → Japanese: 仁者(じんしゃ) (jinsha)
• → Korean: 인자(仁者) (inja)
• → Vietnamese: nhân giả (仁者)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “仁者” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Kanji in this term
仁	者
じん Grade: 6	しゃ Grade: 3
kan'on

Alternative spelling
仁者 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑĩɰ̃ɕa̠]

Noun

仁(じん)者(しゃ) • (jinsha) 

1. a virtuous person

   仁者(じんしゃ)は憂(うれ)えず。

   Jinsha wa urēzu.

   The virtuous person is without worry.

2. a benevolent person, a humanitarian

   Synonym: 仁人 (jinjin)