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prendre

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: prendré

Catalan

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Catalan prendre, from Latin prēndere, from older prehendere, from prae- (“before”) + hendere (“take, seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (Central) [ˈpɛn.dɾə], (proscribed spelling pronunciation) [ˈpɾɛn.dɾə]
  • IPA(key): (Balearic) [ˈpən.dɾə], (proscribed spelling pronunciation) [ˈpɾən.dɾə]
  • IPA(key): (Valencia) [ˈpen.dɾe], (proscribed spelling pronunciation) [ˈpɾen.dɾe]
  • Central:(file)

Verb

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prendre (first-person singular present prenc, first-person singular preterite prenguí, past participle pres); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/

  1. to take

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of prendre (second conjugation, irregular, with velar infix)
infinitive prendre
gerund prenent
past participle masculine feminine
singular pres presa
plural presos preses
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present prenc prens pren prenem preneu prenen
imperfect prenia prenies prenia preníem preníeu prenien
future prendré prendràs prendrà prendrem prendreu prendran
preterite prenguí prengueres prengué prenguérem prenguéreu prengueren
conditional prendria prendries prendria prendríem prendríeu prendrien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present prengui prenguis prengui prenguem prengueu prenguin
imperfect prengués prenguessis prengués prenguéssim prenguéssiu prenguessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
affirmative — pren prengui prenguem preneu prenguin
negative (no) — no prenguis no prengui no prenguem no prengueu no prenguin

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Franco-Provençal

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin prēndere.

Verb

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prendre (ORB, broad)

  1. to take

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of prendre
simple compound
infinitive prendre aveir preis
gerund prenent ayent preis
auxiliary verb aveir
past participle masculine feminine
singular preis preisi
plural preis preises
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative jo te il nos vos ils
present prenno prends prend prenems prentes prennont
imperfect prenèvo prenèves prenève prenévams prenévaz prenèvant
preterite preisi preisis preisit preisîmos preisîtes preisiront
future prendrai prendrés prendra prendrems prendreiz prendrant
conditional prendrim prendriés prendriet prendriams prendriaz prendríont
prendríant
compound tenses present perfect present indicative of aveir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of aveir + past participle
past anterior preterite indicative of aveir + past participle
future perfect future indicative of aveir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of aveir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que te qu'il que nos que vos qu'ils
present preigno preignes preigne prenams prenaz preignant
imperfect preisisso preisisses preisît preisissams preisissaz preisissant
compound tenses past present subjunctive of aveir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of aveir + past participle
imperative — te — nos vos —
prends prenems prentes
  • Literary imperfect: prenim, preniés, preniet, preniams, preniaz, preníant

References

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  • prendre in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
  • prendre in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle French prendre, from Old French prendre, prandre, from Latin prēndere, alternative form of prehendere (“to seize”), from prae- (“before”) + *hendō (“to take, seize”) (not attested without prefix), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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prendre

  1. (transitive) to take
    prends ma main ― take my hand
  2. (transitive) to eat; to drink
    elle prend un café ― she is drinking a coffee
  3. (transitive) to get; to buy
    Je vais prendre le plat du jour. ― I'll get the dish of the day.
  4. (transitive) to rob; to deprive
    prendre quelque chose à quelqu’un ― to take something from someone
  5. (transitive) to make
    prendre une décision ― to make a decision
    prendre des mesures draconiennes ― to take draconian measures
  6. (intransitive) to catch, to work, to start
    le feu ne prend pas ― the fire won't start
    la sauce ne prend pas ― the sauce isn't thickening
    ma mayonnaise ne prend pas ― my mayonnaise isn't setting
    ça ne prend pas avec moi ― that won't wash with me
  7. (reflexive) to get (something) caught (in), to jam
    je me suis pris la main dans la porte ― I caught my hand in the door
    je me suis pris la porte dans la figure ― the door hit me in the face
  8. (intransitive) to get into, to come over (to cause to behave uncharacteristically, to affect in a surprising manner, to possess) [with à ‘someone’]
    Qu’est-ce qui t’a pris ? Qu’est-ce qui t’est passé par la tête ? ― What were you thinking? What got into you? What came over you?
    Qu’est-ce qui lui a pris ? Quelle mouche l’a piqué ? ― What was he thinking? What got into him?
    bien lui en prit ― good for him; it was a good choice (literally, “he took it well”)
    mal lui en prit ― too bad for him; it was a bad choice (literally, “he took it badly”)
  9. (transitive, in various idiomatic expressions) to start having a negative feeling towards someone
    prendre en aversion ― take an aversion (to)
    prendre en grippe ― take a dislike (to)
    prendre en dégoût ― become disgusted (by)
  10. (followed by a partitive, in various idiomatic expressions) to gain
    prendre de la vitesse ― to gain speed
    prendre du galon ― to gain a promotion
    prendre de l’avance ― to gain ground
    prendre du retard ― to fall behind schedule, to run late, to drop behind
    prendre de la hauteur ― to gain some perspective
    prendre du recul ― to take a step back
    prendre de la bouteille ― to gain experience
    en prendre de la graine ― to take away a lesson
    prendre du poids ― to gain weight
    prendre de la masse ― to build muscle
    prendre de la brioche, prendre du bide, prendre du ventre ― to get a paunch
    prendre du bouchon ― to fail
    prendre de l’élan ― to gain momentum
    prendre de l’âge ― to get older
    prendre de la valeur ― to gain value
    prendre de l’importance ― to become important
  11. (colloquial; impersonal) to take (a certain amount of time)
    Synonym: falloir
    Ça va me prendre au moins deux heures pour le mettre à jour.
    It's going to take me at least two hours to update it.
  12. (colloquial; impersonal; by extension) to take (a certain number or amount of)
    Synonym: falloir
    Pour finir dans deux heures, ça prend trois personnes.
    To finish in two hours, it'll take three people.
  13. (impersonal) to come over (to arise in and gain some control over one's thoughts and/or actions)
    il prend [quelque chose] à [quelqu’un] ― [something] comes over [someone]
    Il lui prend une fantaisie de mettre le feu à la maison.
    A fancy comes over him to set fire to the house.
    • 2015, Zaz, Si jamais j'oublie:
      Et s’il me prend l’envie d’ m’en aller, enferme-moi et jette la clé.
      And if I feel like leaving, lock me up and throw away the key.

Conjugation

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This verb is quite irregular, with the following patterns:

  • In the infinitive, in the singular forms of the present indicative, and in the future and the conditional, it is conjugated like rendre, perdre, etc. (sometimes called the regular -re verbs).
  • In the plural forms of the present indicative and imperative, in the imperfect indicative, in the present subjunctive, and in the present participle, it is conjugated like appeler or jeter, using the stem prenn- before mute 'e' and the stem pren- elsewhere.
  • In the past participle, and in the past historic and the imperfect subjunctive, its conjugation resembles that of mettre.
Conjugation of prendre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple prendre
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple prenant
/pʁə.nɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle pris
/pʁi/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present prends
/pʁɑ̃/ 		prends
/pʁɑ̃/ 		prend
/pʁɑ̃/ 		prenons
/pʁə.nɔ̃/ 		prenez
/pʁə.ne/ 		prennent
/pʁɛn/
imperfect prenais
/pʁə.nɛ/ 		prenais
/pʁə.nɛ/ 		prenait
/pʁə.nɛ/ 		prenions
/pʁə.njɔ̃/ 		preniez
/pʁə.nje/ 		prenaient
/pʁə.nɛ/
past historic2 pris
/pʁi/ 		pris
/pʁi/ 		prit
/pʁi/ 		prîmes
/pʁim/ 		prîtes
/pʁit/ 		prirent
/pʁiʁ/
future prendrai
/pʁɑ̃.dʁe/ 		prendras
/pʁɑ̃.dʁa/ 		prendra
/pʁɑ̃.dʁa/ 		prendrons
/pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/ 		prendrez
/pʁɑ̃.dʁe/ 		prendront
/pʁɑ̃.dʁɔ̃/
conditional prendrais
/pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ 		prendrais
/pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ 		prendrait
/pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/ 		prendrions
/pʁɑ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ 		prendriez
/pʁɑ̃.dʁi.je/ 		prendraient
/pʁɑ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present prenne
/pʁɛn/ 		prennes
/pʁɛn/ 		prenne
/pʁɛn/ 		prenions
/pʁə.njɔ̃/ 		preniez
/pʁə.nje/ 		prennent
/pʁɛn/
imperfect2 prisse
/pʁis/ 		prisses
/pʁis/ 		prît
/pʁi/ 		prissions
/pʁi.sjɔ̃/ 		prissiez
/pʁi.sje/ 		prissent
/pʁis/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — prends
/pʁɑ̃/ 		— prenons
/pʁə.nɔ̃/ 		prenez
/pʁə.ne/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Middle French

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Etymology

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From Old French prendre, prandre, from Latin prēndō, prēndere, from prehendō.

Verb

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prendre

  1. to take

Descendants

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  • French: prendre

Norman

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old French prendre, prandre, from Latin prēndō, prēndere, an alternative form of prehendō, prehendere (“lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch”).

Verb

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prendre

  1. (Jersey) to take
    • 1903, Edgar MacCulloch, “Proverbs, Weather Sayings, etc.”, in Guernsey Folk Lore‎[1], pages 526, 528:
      Ch'est prendre de Pierre Chyvret pour dounaïr à Monsieur Careye.
      It is taking from Pierre Chyvret to give to Mr. Carey.

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Occitan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Occitan prendre.

Verb

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prendre (Provençal)

  1. (transitive) to take

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Old French

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin prēndere, from older prehendere.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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prendre

  1. to take

Conjugation

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This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of prendre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive prendre avoir pris
gerund en prenant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle prenant
past participle pris
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present preing, pren prenz prent prenons prenez prenent
imperfect prenoie, preneie prenoies, preneies prenoit, preneit preniiens, preniens preniiez, preniez prenoient, preneient
preterite pris preṣis prist preṣimes preṣistes prisdrent
future prendrai prendras prendra prendrons prendroiz, prendreiz, prendrez prendront
conditional prendroie, prendreie prendroies, prendreies prendroit, prendreit prendriiens, prendriens prendriiez, prendriez prendroient, prendreient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present preigne preignes preigne prenons, preigniens, preignons prenez, preigniez preignent
imperfect preṣisse preṣisses preṣist preṣissons, preṣissiens preṣissoiz, preṣissez, preṣissiez preṣissent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— pren — prenons prenez —
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Descendants

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Old Occitan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin prēndere, variant of prehendere. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French prendre.

Verb

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prendre

  1. to take

Descendants

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References

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