poika

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Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *poika, from Proto-Uralic *pojka. Cognate with Livvi poigu, Estonian poeg, poiss, Erzya пиё (pijo, grandson), буе (buje, family line; area), Udmurt пие (pije), Northern Khanty пох (poh), Northern Mansi пыг (pyg, son, boy) and Hungarian fiú. The Finnic word has also been borrowed into Baltic (such as Latvian puika) and Swedish (see the descendants below).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈpoi̯kɑ/, [ˈpo̞i̯kɑ̝]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -oikɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): poi‧ka

Noun

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poika

  1. boy (young male human)
  2. son (male offspring)
  3. young (an offspring of an animal, especially of a bird)
  4. (colloquial, humorous or familiar) guy, man, boy

Declension

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Inflection of poika (Kotus type 10*/koira, ik-j gradation)
nominative poika pojat
genitive pojan poikien
partitive poikaa poikia
illative poikaan poikiin
singular plural
nominative poika pojat
accusative nom. poika pojat
gen. pojan
genitive pojan poikien
poikain rare
partitive poikaa poikia
inessive pojassa pojissa
elative pojasta pojista
illative poikaan poikiin
adessive pojalla pojilla
ablative pojalta pojilta
allative pojalle pojille
essive poikana poikina
translative pojaksi pojiksi
abessive pojatta pojitta
instructive pojin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of poika (Kotus type 10*/koira, ik-j gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative poikani poikani
accusative nom. poikani poikani
gen. poikani
genitive poikani poikieni
poikaini rare
partitive poikaani poikiani
inessive pojassani pojissani
elative pojastani pojistani
illative poikaani poikiini
adessive pojallani pojillani
ablative pojaltani pojiltani
allative pojalleni pojilleni
essive poikanani poikinani
translative pojakseni pojikseni
abessive pojattani pojittani
instructive
comitative poikineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative poikasi poikasi
accusative nom. poikasi poikasi
gen. poikasi
genitive poikasi poikiesi
poikaisi rare
partitive poikaasi poikiasi
inessive pojassasi pojissasi
elative pojastasi pojistasi
illative poikaasi poikiisi
adessive pojallasi pojillasi
ablative pojaltasi pojiltasi
allative pojallesi pojillesi
essive poikanasi poikinasi
translative pojaksesi pojiksesi
abessive pojattasi pojittasi
instructive
comitative poikinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative poikamme poikamme
accusative nom. poikamme poikamme
gen. poikamme
genitive poikamme poikiemme
poikaimme rare
partitive poikaamme poikiamme
inessive pojassamme pojissamme
elative pojastamme pojistamme
illative poikaamme poikiimme
adessive pojallamme pojillamme
ablative pojaltamme pojiltamme
allative pojallemme pojillemme
essive poikanamme poikinamme
translative pojaksemme pojiksemme
abessive pojattamme pojittamme
instructive
comitative poikinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative poikanne poikanne
accusative nom. poikanne poikanne
gen. poikanne
genitive poikanne poikienne
poikainne rare
partitive poikaanne poikianne
inessive pojassanne pojissanne
elative pojastanne pojistanne
illative poikaanne poikiinne
adessive pojallanne pojillanne
ablative pojaltanne pojiltanne
allative pojallenne pojillenne
essive poikananne poikinanne
translative pojaksenne pojiksenne
abessive pojattanne pojittanne
instructive
comitative poikinenne

Note that the k is lost in the weak grade, which causes the preceding i to turn into a j, which is an irregular change (but shared with aika).

Derived terms

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compounds

Descendants

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  • Elfdalian: påyk
  • Swedish: pojke

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *poika, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *pojka. Cognates include Finnish poika and Estonian poeg.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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poika

  1. boy
    • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 36:
      Poika tuli tovarișșan kera kluubaa.
      The boy went to a club with [his] mate.
  2. son
    • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 5:
      Metsävahti vei meijet kottii, jootti caajuul, ja hänen poika mäni meitä saattamaa.
      The forest ranger took us to [his] house, gave us tea to drink, and his son went to see us off.
  3. young (of an animal)
    • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 68:
      Kissan poika otti kiin hiiren.
      The cat's kitten caught a mouse.

Declension

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Declension of poika (type 3/koira, ik-j gradation)
singular plural
nominative poika pojat
genitive pojan poikiin
partitive poikaa poikia
illative poikaa poikii
inessive pojas pojis
elative pojast pojist
allative pojalle pojille
adessive pojal pojil
ablative pojalt pojilt
translative pojaks pojiks
essive poikanna, poikaan poikinna, poikiin
exessive1) poikant poikint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

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Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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References

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  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[4], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 24
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 419

Karelian

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Regional variants of poika
North Karelian
(Viena)
poika
South Karelian
(Tver)
poiga

Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *poika. Cognates include Finnish poika and Estonian poeg.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈpoi̯kɑ/
  • Hyphenation: poi‧ka

Noun

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poika (genitive pojan, partitive poikua)

  1. (North Karelian) son
  2. (North Karelian) boy, lad
  3. (North Karelian) young (of an animal)

Declension

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Viena Karelian declension of poika (type 5/koira, ik-j gradation)
singular plural
nominative poika pojat
genitive pojan poikien
partitive poikua poikie
illative poikah poikih
inessive pojašša pojissa
elative pojašta pojista
adessive pojalla pojilla
ablative pojalta pojilta
translative pojakši pojiksi
essive poikana poikina
comitative pojineh
abessive pojatta pojitta
Possessive forms of poika
1st person poikani
2nd person poikaš
3rd person poikah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

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  • P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “сын”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN