jaar

See also: jāar

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

• djaar (Cape Afrikaans)

Etymology

From Dutch jaar, from Middle Dutch jâer, from Old Dutch jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɑːr/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

jaar (plural jare, diminutive jaartjie)

1. A year.

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• djar (Luserna)

Etymology

From Middle High German jār, from Old High German jār, from Proto-West Germanic *jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥. Cognate with German Jahr, English year.

Noun

jaar n (plural jaardar, diminutive jéerle)

1. (Sette Comuni) year

Related terms

• hôar

Further reading

• “jaar” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch jâer, from Old Dutch jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jaːr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: jaar
• Rhymes: -aːr

Noun

jaar n (plural jaren, diminutive jaartje n)

1. year (the time it takes the Earth to circle the Sun; its equivalent on other planets)

   Een jaar op Mars duurt ongeveer 687 aardse dagen. ― A year on Mars lasts about 687 Earth days.

   Het is bijna een jaar geleden dat we elkaar zagen. ― It's almost a year since we last saw each other.

   Elk jaar vieren we onze trouwdag. ― Every year, we celebrate our wedding anniversary.

2. year (the individuals associated with a year, notably the students in or graduates from an annual class at school)

   Het jaar 2023 zal hun afstudeerjaar zijn. ― The year 2023 will be their graduation year.

   Alle studenten van het jaar 2020 zijn uitgenodigd voor de reünie. ― All students from the year 2020 are invited to the reunion.

   Ze was de beste student van haar jaar. ― She was the top student of her year.

Usage notes

The singular form is normally used after numerals and stock phrases instead of plurals but both are considered correct grammatically. Thus, it would be more common to say "vele jaren geleden" – many years ago; but "drie jaar geleden" – "three years ago" or in "in de laatste paar jaar" as opposed to "in de laatste paar jaren" ("in the last couple of years").

Derived terms

• derdejaars
• eerstejaars
• jaarboek
• jaareinde
• jaargang
• jaarhonderd
• jaarlijks
• jaarling
• jaarrekening
• jaarring
• jaartal
• jaartelling
• jaarverslag
• jarenlang
• jarig
• laatstejaars
• langjarig
• levensjaar
• meerjarig
• minderjarig
• ouderejaars
• overjaars
• verjaren

 

-types of year

• academiejaar
• boekjaar
• collegejaar
• geboortejaar
• jubileumjaar
• kalenderjaar
• leerjaar
• levensjaar
• lichtjaar
• maanjaar
• oogstjaar
• oorlogsjaar
• schooljaar
• stagejaar
• studiejaar
• tussenjaar
• tweedejaars
• werkjaar
• wijnjaar
• zonnejaar

 

Descendants

• Afrikaans: jaar
• Berbice Creole Dutch: jari
• Jersey Dutch: jâr
• Negerhollands: jaer, jaar, yer
• → Aukan: yali
• → Sranan Tongo: yari
  • → Caribbean Javanese: yari
  • → Saramaccan: jáa

Anagrams

• raja

North Frisian

Alternative forms

• hör (Föhr-Amrum)
• jare (Mooring)

Determiner

jaar (invariable)

1. (Sylt) their (third-person plural possessive determiner)

Pronoun

jaar (plural jaaren)

1. (Sylt) theirs (third-person plural possessive pronoun)

See also

Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)

		personal				possessive
		subject case		object case		singular referent	plural referent
		full	reduced	full	reduced		attributive	independent
singular	1st	ik	'k	mi		min		minen
	2nd	dü	–	di		din		dinen
	3rd m.	hi	'r	höm	'n	sin		sinen
	3rd f.	jü	's	höör	's	höör		höören
	3rd n.	hat	et, 't	höm	et, 't	sin		sinen
dual	1st	wat		unk				unken
	2nd	at		junk				junken
	3rd	jat		jam	's	jaar		jaaren
plural	1st	wü		üüs				üüsen
	2nd	i		juu				juuen
	3rd	ja	's	jam	's	jaar		jaaren
notes		The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects. Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

Semai

Pronoun

jaar

1. we (I and another, but not you) (1st person dual pronoun, exclusive)

See also

Semai personal pronouns

			singular	dual	plural
1st person			èng	jaar (exclusive) haar (inclusive)	jiiq (exclusive) hiiq (inclusive)
2nd person			hèq / hèèq	je'oot, jerkeeq, kééq	keeq, ngkeeq / ngkééq
3rd person			ijii, kééq / keeq	ubay / ubaay	et, ennaay, mambééq