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gaudeo

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Italic *gāwidēō, from earlier *gāwidējō, from Proto-Indo-European *geh₂widéh₁yeti, from an adjective *geh₂widos (which would be *gavidus similar to avidus and to āridus), from *geh₂w- (“to rejoice”). The stem, gāwid-, was made gaud-, but gāwidtos was made gavīsus retaining the i, which was lost in ausus (< awidtos) and in ārsus (< āridtos).

Cognate with gaudium, Gāius, Ancient Greek γηθέω (gēthéō), γαίω (gaíō), γάνῡμαι (gánūmai),[1] γαῦρος (gaûros), γάνος (gános), Middle Irish guaire (“noble”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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gaudeō (present infinitive gaudēre, perfect active gāvīsus sum); second conjugation, semi-deponent

  1. to rejoice, make merry
    Synonyms: exhilarō, exsultō, ovō, grātulor, congrātulor, fruor
    Antonym: displiceō
    Gaudeāmus igitur, iuvenēs dum sumus.
    Let us therefore rejoice, while we are still young.
    (from the song De Brevitate Vitae)
  2. to take pleasure in, be pleased with, delight in, enjoy
    Synonym: pāscor
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.811:
      Quid, victor, gaudēs? Haec tē victōria perdet.
      What, victor, pleases you? This victory will destroy you.
      (The poet admonishes Sextus Tarquinius for his actions and foreshadows events which will follow the rape of Lucretia.)

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of gaudeō (second conjugation, semi-deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present gaudeō gaudēs gaudet gaudēmus gaudētis gaudent
imperfect gaudēbam gaudēbās gaudēbat gaudēbāmus gaudēbātis gaudēbant
future gaudēbō gaudēbis gaudēbit gaudēbimus gaudēbitis gaudēbunt
perfect gāvīsus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect gāvīsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect gāvīsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present gaudeam gaudeās gaudeat gaudeāmus gaudeātis gaudeant
imperfect gaudērem gaudērēs gaudēret gaudērēmus gaudērētis gaudērent
perfect gāvīsus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect gāvīsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — gaudē — — gaudēte —
future — gaudētō gaudētō — gaudētōte gaudentō
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present gaudēre — gaudēns —
future gāvīsūrum esse — gāvīsūrus gaudendus
perfect gāvīsum esse — gāvīsus —
future perfect gāvīsum fore — — —
perfect potential gāvīsūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
gaudendī gaudendō gaudendum gaudendō gāvīsum gāvīsū

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “gaudeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 255-6

Further reading

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  • “gaudeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “gaudeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • gaudeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to rejoice in secret: in sinu gaudere (Tusc. 3. 21. 51)
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