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cramp

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Cramp

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

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From Middle English crampe, from Old French crampe (“cramp”), from Frankish *krampa (“cramp”), from Proto-West Germanic *krampu, from Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”). Distant relative of English crop.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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cramp (countable and uncountable, plural cramps)

  1. A painful contraction of a muscle which cannot be controlled; (sometimes) a similar pain even without noticeable contraction.
    Hyponyms: charley horse, writer's cramp
    Coordinate term: twinge
    • August 1534, Margaret Roper (or Thomas More in her name), letter to Alice Alington
      the cramp also that divers nights gripeth him in his legs.
  2. That which confines or contracts.
    Synonyms: restraint, shackle, hindrance
  3. A clamp for carpentry or masonry.
  4. A piece of wood having a curve corresponding to that of the upper part of the instep, on which the upper leather of a boot is stretched to give it the requisite shape.

Derived terms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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cramp (third-person singular simple present cramps, present participle cramping, simple past and past participle cramped)

  1. (intransitive) (of a muscle) To contract painfully and uncontrollably.
  2. (transitive) To affect with cramps or spasms.
    • 1936, Heinrich Hauser, Once Your Enemy (translated from the German by Norman Gullick)
      The collar of the tunic scratched my neck, the steel helmet made my head ache, and the puttees cramped my leg muscles.
  3. (transitive, figurative) To prohibit movement or expression of.
    You're cramping my style.
    • 1853, Austen Henry Layard, Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon:
      But the front of the animal , which was in full , was narrow and cramped , and unequal in dignity to the side
  4. (transitive) To restrain to a specific physical position, as if with a cramp.
    You're going to need to cramp the wheels on this hill.
  5. To fasten or hold with, or as if with, a cramp iron.
  6. (by extension) To bind together; to unite.
  7. To form on a cramp.
    to cramp boot legs

Derived terms

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Translations

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Adjective

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cramp (comparative more cramp, superlative most cramp)

  1. (archaic) cramped; narrow
    • 1871, David Masson, The Life of John Milton:
      […] the result was those folio volumes of MSS. now in the British Museum, in which inquirers into the history of that period find so much interesting material in such a confused state and in such a dreadfully cramp handwriting.

Translations

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References

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Manx

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Etymology

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Likely from English cramp (“painful contraction; difficult to make out”)[1][2] or Middle Irish cnap (“cramping, contracting”).[3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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cramp m (genitive singular cramp, plural crampyn)

  1. plague, pestilence

Adjective

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cramp

  1. intricate, complicated

Mutation

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Mutation of cramp
radical lenition eclipsis
cramp chramp gramp

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ “cramp, n.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
  2. ^ “cramp, adj.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
  3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crap”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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