affligo

Latin

Alternative forms

• adflīgō

Etymology

From ad- +‎ flīgō (“strike down”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /afˈfliː.ɡoː/, [äfˈflʲiːɡoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /afˈfli.ɡo/, [äfˈfliːɡo]

Verb

afflīgō (present infinitive afflīgere, perfect active afflīxī, supine afflīctum); third conjugation

1. to strike, beat, dash (against); cast or throw down, prostrate

   Synonyms: ferio, tango, percutio, pello, discutio, pulsō, accido, percello, impingo, ico, verbero

2. to afflict, damage, injure, crush, break or ruin

   Synonyms: afficiō, diruo, profligo, tollo, accido

3. to humble, weaken or vex
4. to overthrow

   Synonyms: prōflīgō, impellō, subvertō, pervertō, ēvertō, sternō, prōsternō, fundō, versō, vertō, dissipō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of afflīgō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	afflīgō		afflīgis		afflīgit		afflīgimus		afflīgitis		afflīgunt
	imperfect	afflīgēbam		afflīgēbās		afflīgēbat		afflīgēbāmus		afflīgēbātis		afflīgēbant
	future	afflīgam		afflīgēs		afflīget		afflīgēmus		afflīgētis		afflīgent
	perfect	afflīxī		afflīxistī		afflīxit		afflīximus		afflīxistis		afflīxērunt, afflīxēre
	pluperfect	afflīxeram		afflīxerās		afflīxerat		afflīxerāmus		afflīxerātis		afflīxerant
	future perfect	afflīxerō		afflīxeris		afflīxerit		afflīxerimus		afflīxeritis		afflīxerint
	sigmatic future1	afflīxō		afflīxis		afflīxit		afflīximus		afflīxitis		afflīxint
passive	present	afflīgor		afflīgeris, afflīgere		afflīgitur		afflīgimur		afflīgiminī		afflīguntur
	imperfect	afflīgēbar		afflīgēbāris, afflīgēbāre		afflīgēbātur		afflīgēbāmur		afflīgēbāminī		afflīgēbantur
	future	afflīgar		afflīgēris, afflīgēre		afflīgētur		afflīgēmur		afflīgēminī		afflīgentur
	perfect	afflīctus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	afflīctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	afflīctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	afflīgam		afflīgās		afflīgat		afflīgāmus		afflīgātis		afflīgant
	imperfect	afflīgerem		afflīgerēs		afflīgeret		afflīgerēmus		afflīgerētis		afflīgerent
	perfect	afflīxerim		afflīxerīs		afflīxerit		afflīxerīmus		afflīxerītis		afflīxerint
	pluperfect	afflīxissem		afflīxissēs		afflīxisset		afflīxissēmus		afflīxissētis		afflīxissent
	sigmatic aorist1	afflīxim		afflīxīs		afflīxīt		afflīxīmus		afflīxītis		afflīxint
passive	present	afflīgar		afflīgāris, afflīgāre		afflīgātur		afflīgāmur		afflīgāminī		afflīgantur
	imperfect	afflīgerer		afflīgerēris, afflīgerēre		afflīgerētur		afflīgerēmur		afflīgerēminī		afflīgerentur
	perfect	afflīctus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	afflīctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		afflīge		—		—		afflīgite		—
	future	—		afflīgitō		afflīgitō		—		afflīgitōte		afflīguntō
passive	present	—		afflīgere		—		—		afflīgiminī		—
	future	—		afflīgitor		afflīgitor		—		—		afflīguntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		afflīgere			afflīgī			afflīgēns			—
future		afflīctūrum esse			afflīctum īrī			afflīctūrus			afflīgendus, afflīgundus
perfect		afflīxisse			afflīctum esse			—			afflīctus
future perfect		—			afflīctum fore			—			—
perfect potential		afflīctūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		afflīgendī		afflīgendō		afflīgendum		afflīgendō		afflīctum		afflīctū

¹At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Derived terms

• afflīctiō
• afflīctō
• afflīctor
• afflīctus

Related terms

• cōnflīgō
• efflīgō
• flīgō
• īnflīgō
• prōflīgō

Descendants

• → Catalan: afligir
• → English: afflict
• → French: affliger
• → Galician: aflixir
• → Italian: affliggere
• → Portuguese: afligir
• → Spanish: afligir

References

• “affligo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• affligo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be the victim of misfortune: calamitatibus affligi
    
  • to bring a man to ruin; to destroy: aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare
    
  • their spirits are broken: animus frangitur, affligitur, percellitur, debilitatur