ferio

Esperanto

Etymology

From Italian feria. Doublet of foiro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [feˈrio]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -io
• Hyphenation: fe‧ri‧o

Noun

ferio (accusative singular ferion, plural ferioj, accusative plural feriojn)

1. day off, holiday (day of vacation)

   banka ferio

   bank holiday

2. (in the plural) vacation, holidays

   someraj ferioj

   summer vacation

Derived terms

• feria (“of or related to days off”)
• ferii (“to vacation”)

See also

• festotago (“holiday (day a festival is observed)”)

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *ferjō, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”) through *bʰér-ye-ti perhaps with root-final laryngeal dropped in a prevocalic position; the o-grade reflex is attested in forō. Cognate with Albanian bie (“to fall”), Old English ġebered (“crushed, kneaded”), English berry (“to beat, thrash”), Old Armenian բերան (beran), Ancient Greek φᾰ́ρος (phắros, “plough”), φαράω (pharáō). More at berry.

Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to scrape, to cut”). Compare Middle Irish berna, Old High German berjan, Middle High German berjen, Old English bered, Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬲𐬌𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (tižibāra).

Verb

feriō (present infinitive ferīre, perfect active feriī, future participle ferītūrus); fourth conjugation, no supine stem (except in the future active participle)

1. to hit, to strike, to smite, to beat, to knock, injure

   Synonyms: tango, percutio, pello, discutio, pulsō, tundō, accido, affligo, percello, impingo, ico, verbero, vulnerō, secō, noceō, laedō

   Feriri a serpente.

   To be stung by a snake.

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.102–103:

     Tālia iactantī, strīdēns Aquilōne procellā
     vēlum adversa ferit, flūctūsque ad sīdera tollit.

     [Even as Aeneas is] crying out such [great words], a gust howling from the Northwind is striking [his] sail full on, and raising up waves to heaven.
     (The description of waves reaching the sky exemplifies hyperbole. The Northwind: See Aquilo; Anemoi, Anemoi.)

2. to cut, to thrust
3. (with accusative) to kill by striking, to slay, to give a deathblow

   aliquem securi ferire.

   To behead someone with an axe.

4. (money) to strike, to stamp, to coin

   Asses sextantario pondere ferire.

   To strike asses only the sixth part of a pound.

   • moneyer; in the Roman Republic, the abbreviation III. VIR. AAAFF. or even III. VIR. A.P.F. (tresviri ad pecuniam feriundum) was written on the coins, but it stood for:

     Tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo.

     Three men for striking and casting bronze, silver and copper coins.

5. to make a deal or contract or compact, covenant, or treaty

   Synonyms: ī̆cō, percutiō, pacīscor, pangō

6. (figuratively) to strike, reach, affect
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.518:

     clāmor Aventīnī saxa propinqua ferit

     The cry strikes the nearby rocks of Aventine Hill.
     (See: Aventine Hill.)

Usage notes

• Perfect and passive forms are rare. Perfect forms and perfect passive participle are usually supplied by its synonym, percutio. Sometimes ictus, the perfect passive participle of īcō, is used.
• The verb form feriunt (“they strike”) had the archaic spelling ferinunt.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of feriō (fourth conjugation, no supine stem except in the future active participle)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	feriō		ferīs		ferit		ferīmus		ferītis		feriunt
	imperfect	feriēbam		feriēbās		feriēbat		feriēbāmus		feriēbātis		feriēbant
	future	feriam		feriēs		feriet		feriēmus		feriētis		ferient
	perfect	feriī		feriistī		feriit		feriimus		feriistis		feriērunt, feriēre
	pluperfect	ferieram		ferierās		ferierat		ferierāmus		ferierātis		ferierant
	future perfect	ferierō		ferieris		ferierit		ferierimus		ferieritis		ferierint
passive	present	ferior		ferīris, ferīre		ferītur		ferīmur		ferīminī		feriuntur
	imperfect	feriēbar		feriēbāris, feriēbāre		feriēbātur		feriēbāmur		feriēbāminī		feriēbantur
	future	feriar		feriēris, feriēre		feriētur		feriēmur		feriēminī		ferientur
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	feriam		feriās		feriat		feriāmus		feriātis		feriant
	imperfect	ferīrem		ferīrēs		ferīret		ferīrēmus		ferīrētis		ferīrent
	perfect	ferierim		ferierīs		ferierit		ferierīmus		ferierītis		ferierint
	pluperfect	feriissem		feriissēs		feriisset		feriissēmus		feriissētis		feriissent
passive	present	feriar		feriāris, feriāre		feriātur		feriāmur		feriāminī		feriantur
	imperfect	ferīrer		ferīrēris, ferīrēre		ferīrētur		ferīrēmur		ferīrēminī		ferīrentur
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		ferī		—		—		ferīte		—
	future	—		ferītō		ferītō		—		ferītōte		feriuntō
passive	present	—		ferīre		—		—		ferīminī		—
	future	—		ferītor		ferītor		—		—		feriuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		ferīre			ferīrī			feriēns			—
future		ferītūrum esse			—			ferītūrus			feriendus, feriundus
perfect		feriisse			—			—			—
perfect potential		ferītūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		feriendī		feriendō		feriendum		feriendō		—		—

Derived terms

• secūrī feriō (I behead)
• foedus feriō (I make a compact, covenant or treaty)
• amōrum turpissimōrum foedera feriō (I form illicit connections)

Descendants

• Aromanian: firescu, afirescu, firiri
• Asturian: firir
• Catalan: ferir
• Franco-Provençal: fèrir
• French: férir
• Friulian: ferî
• Galician: ferir
• Italian: ferire
• Leonese: ferire
• Occitan: ferir
• Piedmontese: ferì
• Portuguese: ferir
• Romanian: feri, ferire
• Sardinian: feríre, fèrrere, ferri, fèrriri
• Sicilian: firiri
• Spanish: herir, ferir
• Venetan: ferir

References

• “ferio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ferio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ferio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to beat one's brow: frontem ferire, percutere
    
  • to slaughter victims: victimas (oxen), hostias (smaller animals, especially sheep) immolare, securi ferire, caedere, mactare
    
  • to execute a person, cut off his head: securi percutere, ferire aliquem
    
  • to conclude a treaty, an alliance: foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire
    
• Dizionario Latino, Olivetti

Spanish

Verb

ferio

1. first-person singular present indicative of feriar