Template:is-ndecl

Declension of akur (masculine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	akur	akurinn	akrar	akrarnir
accusative	akur	akurinn	akra	akrana
dative	akri	akrinum	ökrum	ökrunum
genitive	akurs	akursins	akra	akranna

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The following documentation is located at Template:is-ndecl/documentation. ^[edit]

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Uses Lua:

• Module:is-noun

Parameters

Normally there is only one parameter to specify. At the minimum, this must specify the gender: m, f or n for masculine, feminine or neuter, respectively, e.g. for hestur (“horse”):

{{is-ndecl|m}}

which produces

Declension of hestur (masculine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	hestur	hesturinn	hestar	hestarnir
accusative	hest	hestinn	hesta	hestana
dative	hesti	hestinum	hestum	hestunum
genitive	hests	hestsins	hesta	hestanna

Sometimes additional properties, or indicators, need to be specified to correctly inflect a given noun. An example is arfur (“inheritance”), which is singular-only:

{{is-ndecl|m.sg}}

which produces

Declension of arfur (sg-only masculine)

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	arfur	arfurinn
accusative	arf	arfinn
dative	arfi	arfinum
genitive	arfs	arfsins

It is generally not necessary to explicitly specify any property that can automatically be inferred. For example, it is not necessary to specify whether a noun is strong or weak (this can be inferred from the noun's ending in the lemma form); nor is it usually necessary to specify that nouns like hattur (“hat”) have u-mutation in forms such as the dative plural (in this case, to höttum).

As shown, multiple indicators are separated by a dot (.). The following indicators are recognized:

Gender and number

• Gender: m for masculine, f for feminine, n for neuter. In most cases, this must be given, and when given, it must come first. (All other indicators may come in any order, and are mostly optional.)
• Number: sg for singular-only nouns, pl for plural-only nouns, both for nouns with both singular and plural. If unspecified, nouns beginning with a capital letter usually default to singular-only, while those beginning with a lowercase letter default to both singular and plural.

Mutation specs

Mutation specs control u-mutation (the change of a to ö or u); i-mutation (the change of a back vowel to a front vowel, such as a to e or á to æ); reverse u-mutation (the change of a u-mutated vowel ö or u back to a); and reverse i-mutation (the change of an i-mutated vowel back to its original vowel). In some cases, more than one mutation spec of a given type can be given, comma-separated. For example, umut,uumut indicates that either regular or double u-mutation can happen, leading to two possible outputs in circumstances where u-mutation applies (e.g. the dative plural). An example where this might be applicable is banani (“banana”), which has dative plural either banönum (regular u-mutation) or bönunum (double u-mutation). See examples below.

• For u-mutation:
  • umut indicates that when u-mutation should happen (e.g. in the dative plural), it should be regular u-mutation (if the last vowel in the word is a, it changes to ö). This is the default in most circumstances, and does not normally need to be given. The exact circumstances in which u-mutation happens are not specified by this indicator (but are normally triggered by an ending beginning with u, and sometimes in other circumstances); only the type of u-mutation is indicated.
  • uumut indicates that the type of u-mutation should be double u-mutation (if the last vowel in a word is a, it changes to u, and if the second-to-last vowel is a, it changes to ö).
  • u_umut indicates that the type of u-mutation should be twice-regular u-mutation (if either of the last two vowels in a word are a, they change to ö). This type of u-mutation is rare, but occurs for example as one of two types of u-mutation that occur in hafald (“heddle (in a loom)”) (producting nominative/accusative plural höföld and dative plural höföldum), along with regular u-mutation.
  • u_mut indicates that the type of u-mutation should be second-to-last regular u-mutation (if the second-to-last vowel in a word is a, it changes to ö; the last vowel is unaffected). This type of u-mutation is rare and is mostly used internally to handle u-mutation of words like mastur "mast" (which has nominative/accusative plural möstur), when the user specifies umut.
• For i-mutation:
  • imut indicates that i-mutation should happen before endings beginning with i.
  • -imut indicates that i-mutation should not happen. This is normally used in conjunction with imut, and especially for hooking a footnote off of -imut; see examples below.
• For reverse u-mutation:
  • unumut indicates that regular reverse u-mutation should happen (if the last vowel in the word is ö, it changes to a). The circumstances under which this happens aren't specified by this indicator, but generally it occurs before endings that start with an a or i (unless i-mutation is also in effect, which takes precedence). For example, fjörður (“fjord”) needs unumut.imut to specify that regular reverse u-mutation to fjarð- happens e.g. in the genitive singular fjarðar, and i-mutation to firð- happens e.g. in the nominative plural firðir. Keep in mind that unumut is the default in some circumstances, e.g. for feminine nouns with ö as the last stem vowel such as gjöf (“gift”).
  • unuumut indicates that double reverse u-mutation should happen (if the last vowel in a word is u, it changes to a, and if the second-to-last vowel is ö not followed by a cluster containing v, it also changes to a). The circumstances under which this happens aren't specified by this indicator and are different from those under which regular reverse u-mutation happens. For example, söfnuður (“congregration”) needs unuumut, producing genitive singular safnaðar and genitive plural safnaða. The specific circumstances under which double reverse u-mutation takes place are: (a) for masculines, in the genitive singular and plural; (b) for feminines, in the nominative, accusative and genitive plural. Note the effect of clusters containing v in the definition of unuumut; this is because e.g. the double reverse u-mutation form of örvun (“encouragement; stimulation”) is örvan- not #arvan-, as might be expected.
  • unu_umut and unu_mut are the reverse u-mutation indicators corresponding to u_umut and unu_mut. These are mostly provided for completeness.
  • -unumut, -unuumut, etc. explicitly disable reverse u-mutation. They differ from each other only when an associated footnote is provided (see below); the footnote is added to the forms where reverse u-mutation would take place, which differs between unumut and unuumut (see above).
• For reverse i-mutation:
  • unimut indicates that reverse i-mutation should happen in certain circumstances, which depend on the gender and number. Specifically: (a) masculine nouns have reverse i-mutation in the dative singular and throughout the plural, as with ketill (“kettle”) with dative singular katli; (b) feminine nouns have reverse i-mutation in the accusative and dative singular and the dative and genitive plural, as with kýr (“cow”) and ær (“ewe”). unimut is also used with i-mutated plural-only nouns that have some forms (generally the dative and genitive plural) without i-mutation, such as feminine hættur (“bedtime, quitting time”); feminine mætur (“appreciation, liking”); neuter læti (“behavior, demeanor”); and neuter ólæti (“noise, racket”).
  • -unimut indicates that reverse i-mutation should not happen. This is normally used in conjunction with unimut, and especially for hooking a footnote off of -unimut; see examples below.

indicates that regular reverse u-mutation should happen (if the last vowel in the word is ö, it changes to a). The circumstances under which this happens aren't specified by this indicator, but generally it occurs before endings that start with an a or i (unless i-mutation is also in effect, which takes precedence). For example, fjörður (“fjord”) needs unumut.imut to specify that regular reverse u-mutation to fjarð- happens e.g. in the genitive singular fjarðar, and i-mutation to firð- happens e.g. in the nominative plural firðir. Keep in mind that unumut is the default in some circumstances, e.g. for feminine nouns with ö as the last stem vowel such as gjöf (“gift”).

Infixing specs

Infixing specs control the infixing of j or v after the stem and before certain endings. You do not need to (and in fact should not) specify an infixing spec when the lemma contains the infix in it, such as kirkja (“church”). As with mutation specs, in some cases more than one infixing spec of a given type can be given, comma-separated. For example, -j,j indicates that j-infixing either does not or does happen (respectively). See examples below.

The infixing specs recognized are:

• j to infix a j before endings that begin with a or u (not counting the lemma, which often has an ending -ur). An example where this is used is egg (“blade edge”), which has genitive singular and nominative plural eggjar, etc.
• -j turns off j-infixing. As mentioned above, this is normally used to indicate optional j-infixing.
• v to infix a v before endings that begin with a, i or u (not counting the lemma, which often has an ending -ur). An example where this is used is söngur (“song”), which has nominative plural söngvar, etc.
• -v turns off v-infixing. As mentioned above, this is normally used to indicate optional v-infixing.

Contraction specs

Contraction specs indicate whether contraction (deletion of a final-syllable a, i or u in the stem before a vowel-initial ending) should happen. As with mutation and infixing specs, in some cases more than one contraction spec of a given type can be given, comma-separated. For example, -con,con indicates that contraction either does not or does happen (respectively). See examples below. Note that contraction is the default is various cirumstances, and you will need to use -con to turn it off.

The contraction specs recognized are:

• con specifies that a final-syllable a, i or u in the stem (generally before single final r, l or n) is deleted before an ending beginning with a vowel. An example is gaffall (“fork”), whose stem gaffal- contracts to gaffl- before a vowel-initial ending such as dative singular gaffli, nominative plural gafflar and dative plural göfflum. (This latter form shows that u-mutation, and for that matter mutations in general, apply after contraction.) Contraction is in fact the default in masculine nouns ending in -all, -ill, -ull, -ann, -inn and -unn, as well as in masculine and neuter nouns ending in -ur that is part of the stem. (Final -ur is part of the stem by default in neuters, and in such a circumstance, definite contraction is also the default; see below. For masculines, final -ur is only part of the stem when the # indicator is given; see #Stem specs below.) An example of a noun that explicitly needs con is hamar (“hammer”), with contracted stem hamr- (dative plural hömrum).
• -con turns off contraction. This is useful when contraction is the default, as described above. Examples where this is needed are kórall (“coral”) and kristall (“crystal”), which never have contraction, and rafall (“generator”), which optionally has it (leading to dative plural either rafölum or röflum).
• defcon turns on definite contraction, which means that contraction also applies not only before a vowel-initial ending but before a vowel-initial definite clitic when the actual ending is null. For example, consider masculine akur (“field”) (cognate with English acre) and neuter mastur (“mast”). Both have contraction, leading respectively to dative singular akri and mastri. However, only mastur has definite contraction; contrast definite nominative singular akurinn vs. mastrið. As described above, the presence of definite contraction in neuters in -ur but not nominatives in -ur is the default, so in these cases, defcon doesn't have to be given explicitly. However, it does need to to be given for feminine fjöður (“feather”), which has both regular and definite contraction but where neither is the default; hence con.defcon needs to be specified.
• -defcon turns off definite contraction, either when it is the default or when used in conjunction with defcon to indicate a noun that either does or does not have definite contraction.

Stem specs

[FILL IN]

Form overrides

[FILL IN]

The properties can be given in any order, but it is recommended that the following order be used:

1. Gender (must come first)
2. Genitive-singular and nominative/accusative-plural overrides (must come directly after the gender, comma-separated)
3. Number
4. Stem indicators # and ##
5. Mutation, infix and contraction indicators, in whatever order seems most logical
6. Stem overrides
7. Specific form overrides