菌

菌 U+83CC, 菌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83CC ← 菋 [U+83CB] CJK Unified Ideographs 菍 → [U+83CD]

菌 U+2F9A2, 菌 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A2 ← 菊 [U+2F9A1] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 菜 → [U+2F9A3]

Translingual

Han character

菌 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿田竹木 (TWHD), four-corner 4460₀, composition ⿱艹囷)

Derived characters

• 𣛃, 𭿰, 𢋵

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1037, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31156
• Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3234, character 9
• Unihan data for U+83CC

• Unihan data for U+2F9A2

Chinese

trad.		菌
simp. #		菌
alternative forms		箘 蔨 𦵼 𦽖

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (囷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
菌	*ɡonʔ, *ɡrunʔ
麇	*krun
麕	*krun
囷	*kʰrun, *ɡrun
箘	*kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ
攈	*kuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡonʔ, *ɡrunʔ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 囷 (OC *kʰrun, *ɡrun).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-r(i/u)n (“mushroom; fungus”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jūn, jùn, jǔn (jun¹, jun⁴, jun³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣ, ㄐㄩㄣˋ, ㄐㄩㄣˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kwan²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kun⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khún

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kung²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jūn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyun
    • Wade–Giles: chün¹
    • Yale: jyūn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiun
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
    • Wade–Giles: chün⁴
    • Yale: jyùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
      
  • (nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔn
    • Wade–Giles: chün³
    • Yale: jyǔn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeun
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kwan²
    • Yale: kwán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰun²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
    • Tâi-lô: khún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kung²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ⁵²/

Definitions

菌

1. bacterium; germ

   抑菌  ―  yìjūn  ―  to inhibit bacteria

   有好多菌 [Cantonese]  ―  jau⁵ hou² do¹ kwan² [Jyutping]  ―  have lots of bacteria; be germy

2. fungus

Synonyms

• (bacterium): 細菌／细菌 (xìjūn)
• (fungus): 真菌 (zhēnjūn)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jùn (jun⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kwan²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kun⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): kūng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khún

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kung²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
    • Wade–Giles: chün⁴
    • Yale: jyùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
    • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kwan²
    • Yale: kwán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰun²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kūng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
    • Tâi-lô: khún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kung²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: gwinX, gjwonX

Rime
Character	菌	菌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	眞 (45)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	渠殞切	求晚切
Baxter	gwinX	gjwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiuɪnX/	/ɡʉɐnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷᵚinX/	/ɡʷiɐnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuenX/	/ɡiuɐnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjinX/	/guanX/
Li Rong	/ɡjuĕnX/	/ɡiuɐnX/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕnX/	/ɡĭwɐnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕnX/	/gi̯wɐnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jùn	juàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwan6	gyun6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]runʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡonʔ/, /*ɡrunʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	菌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jùn
Middle Chinese	‹ gwinX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]runʔ/
English	mushroom
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菌	菌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10746	10752
Phonetic component	囷	囷
Rime group	元	文
Rime subdivision	3	2
Corresponding MC rime	𧯦	窘
Old Chinese	/*ɡonʔ/	/*ɡrunʔ/
Notes		原列軫韻

Definitions

菌

1. mushroom; toadstool

   • 朝菌不知晦朔，蟪蛄不知春秋，此小年也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Cháojūn bùzhī huìshuò, huìgū bùzhī chūnqiū, cǐ xiǎonián yě. [Pinyin]

     The mushroom of a morning does not know (what takes place between) the beginning and end of a month; the short-lived cicada does not know (what takes place between) the spring and autumn.

2. Alternative form of 箘 (“bamboo shoots”)
3. a surname: Jun

Synonyms

• (mushroom): 蕈 (xùn), 蘑菇 (mógu)

Compounds

• 不孕真菌
• 乳酸菌 (rǔsuānjūn)
• 亮菌
• 低溫殺菌／低温杀菌
• 傘菌／伞菌
• 光合細菌／光合细菌
• 厭氧菌／厌氧菌 (yànyǎngjūn)
• 厭氣菌／厌气菌
• 噬人菌
• 噬菌體／噬菌体 (shìjūntǐ)
• 固氮菌 (gùdànjūn)
• 夏蟲朝菌／夏虫朝菌
• 大腸桿菌／大肠杆菌 (dàcháng gǎnjūn)
• 大腸菌／大肠菌
• 大腸菌類／大肠菌类
• 子囊菌
• 寄生菌
• 巴氏桿菌／巴氏杆菌
• 布氏桿菌／布氏杆菌
• 布魯氏菌／布鲁氏菌 (bùlǔshìjūn)
• 帶菌／带菌
• 帶菌者／带菌者
• 弧菌 (hújūn)
• 微菌 (wēijūn)
• 抗菌 (kàngjūn)
• 抗菌素 (kàngjūnsù)
• 抗菌藥／抗菌药
• 抗菌血清
• 披衣菌 (pīyījūn)
• 擔子菌／担子菌
• 朝菌
• 松菌 (sōngjūn)
• 根瘤菌 (gēnliújūn)
• 桿菌／杆菌 (gǎnjūn)
• 棒狀桿菌／棒状杆菌 (bàngzhuàng gǎnjūn)
• 殺菌／杀菌 (shājūn)
• 殺菌劑／杀菌剂
• 氯絲菌素／氯丝菌素
• 活性菌
• 淋菌
• 滅菌／灭菌 (mièjūn)
• 無菌／无菌 (wújūn)
• 無菌室／无菌室
• 牙菌斑 (yájūnbān)
• 球菌 (qiújūn)
• 瓢菌素
• 生菌
• 病原菌 (bìngyuánjūn)
• 病菌 (bìngjūn)
• 痢疾桿菌／痢疾杆菌
• 真菌 (zhēnjūn)
• 細菌／细菌 (xìjūn)
• 細菌學／细菌学 (xìjūnxué)
• 細菌武器／细菌武器
• 結核菌／结核菌
• 網傘菌／网伞菌
• 羊肚菌 (yángdǔjūn)
• 肉毒桿菌／肉毒杆菌 (ròudúgǎnjūn)
• 菌傘／菌伞 (jūnsǎn)
• 菌原體／菌原体
• 菌子 (jùnzi)
• 菌幕
• 菌托
• 菌柄 (jūnbǐng)
• 菌核
• 菌根
• 菌桂
• 菌界
• 菌絲／菌丝 (jūnsī)
• 菌絲體／菌丝体 (jūnsītǐ)
• 菌肥
• 菌膠團／菌胶团
• 菌苗 (jūnmiáo)
• 菌落 (jūnluò)
• 菌蓋／菌盖 (jūngài)
• 菌血症
• 菌血癥／菌血症
• 菌褶 (jūnzhé)
• 菌質／菌质
• 菌陳蒿／菌陈蒿
• 菌類／菌类 (jūnlèi)
• 葡萄球菌 (pútáo qiújūn)
• 藻菌植物
• 螺旋菌
• 裂殖菌
• 輻射滅菌／辐射灭菌
• 酵母菌
• 鏈球菌／链球菌 (liànqiújūn)
• 雙球菌／双球菌
• 霍亂弧菌／霍乱弧菌 (huòluàn hújūn)
• 非病原菌
• 食菌
• 香菌
• 馬勃菌／马勃菌
• 黑黴菌／黑霉菌
• 黴菌／霉菌 (méijūn)
• 黴菌病／霉菌病

 

Japanese

Kanji

菌

(Jōyō kanji)

1. fungus, mold
2. bacterium, germ

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)^{←きん (kin, historical)←くゐん (kwin, ancient)}
• Kun: きのこ (kinoko, 菌)

Compounds

• 細菌(さいきん) (saikin): bacterium, germ
• 納豆菌(なっとうきん) (nattō kin): Bacillus subtilis var. natto

Korean

Hanja

菌 (eumhun 버섯 균 (beoseot gyun))

1. hanja form^? of 균 (“mushroom”)
2. hanja form^? of 균 (“germ, microbe”)

Vietnamese

Han character

菌: Hán Nôm readings: khuẩn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.