臣服

Chinese

		statesman; vassal; courtier statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official	clothes; dress; garment clothes; dress; garment; submit; take (medicine)
simp. and trad. (臣服)		臣	服

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chénfú

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ ㄈㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁴ fuk⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sîn-ho̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chénfú
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ ㄈㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chénfú
    • Wade–Giles: chʻên²-fu²
    • Yale: chén-fú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chernfwu
    • Palladius: чэньфу (čɛnʹfu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ fu³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 沉浮 臣服

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: san⁴ fuk⁶
    • Yale: sàhn fuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san⁴ fuk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sen⁴ fug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn²¹ fʊk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîn-ho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: sîn-ho̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sinhok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sin²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sin²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin¹³⁻²² hɔk̚¹²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyin bjuwk

Rime
Character	臣	服
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	植鄰切	房六切
Baxter	dzyin	bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪn/	/bɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑin/	/biuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjen/	/biuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑin/	/buwk̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕn/	/biuk̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕn/	/bĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕn/	/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chén	fú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san4	fuk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]i[ŋ]  [b]ək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡiŋ  bɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臣	服
Reading #	1/1	3/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chén	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyin ›	‹ bjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/	/*[b]ək/
English	slave, subject	subdue, submit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臣	服
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1342	3366
Phonetic component	臣	服
Rime group	眞	職
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	辰	伏
Old Chinese	/*ɡiŋ/	/*bɯɡ/
Notes	甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴， 省戈表不刺者則爲臣， 專指役使於家內者

Verb

臣服

1. (literary, historical) to acknowledge allegiance to; to serve (the emperor)
2. (literary, historical) to submit to (the rule of)
3. (by extension) to submit to; to acknowledge defeat or inferiority

Synonyms

• (to submit):

edit

• 屈從 / 屈从 (qūcóng)
• 屈服 (qūfú)
• 投降 (tóuxiáng)
• 降服

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “to submit”):

edit

• 不屈 (bùqū)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
臣	服
しん Grade: 4	ふく > ぷく Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕĩmpɯ̟kɯ̟]

Verb

臣(しん)服(ぷく)する • (shinpuku suru) suru (stem 臣(しん)服(ぷく)し (shinpuku shi), past 臣(しん)服(ぷく)した (shinpuku shita))

1. to acknowledge allegiance to; to serve (the king)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "臣服する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	臣服し	しんぷくし	shinpuku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	臣服し	しんぷくし	shinpuku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	臣服する	しんぷくする	shinpuku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	臣服する	しんぷくする	shinpuku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	臣服すれ	しんぷくすれ	shinpuku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	臣服せよ¹ 臣服しろ²	しんぷくせよ¹ しんぷくしろ²	shinpuku seyo¹ shinpuku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	臣服される	しんぷくされる	shinpuku sareru
Causative	臣服させる 臣服さす	しんぷくさせる しんぷくさす	shinpuku saseru shinpuku sasu
Potential	臣服できる	しんぷくできる	shinpuku dekiru
Volitional	臣服しよう	しんぷくしよう	shinpuku shiyō
Negative	臣服しない	しんぷくしない	shinpuku shinai
Negative continuative	臣服せず	しんぷくせず	shinpuku sezu
Formal	臣服します	しんぷくします	shinpuku shimasu
Perfective	臣服した	しんぷくした	shinpuku shita
Conjunctive	臣服して	しんぷくして	shinpuku shite
Hypothetical conditional	臣服すれば	しんぷくすれば	shinpuku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative