臣子

Chinese

		statesman; vassal; courtier statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official	child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
simp. and trad. (臣子)		臣	子

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chénzǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ ㄗˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁴ zi²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chénzǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ ㄗˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chénzǐh
    • Wade–Giles: chʻên²-tzŭ³
    • Yale: chén-dž
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherntzyy
    • Palladius: чэньцзы (čɛnʹczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: san⁴ zi²
    • Yale: sàhn jí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san⁴ dzi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: sen⁴ ji²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyin tsiX

Rime
Character	臣	子
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	植鄰切	即里切
Baxter	dzyin	tsiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪn/	/t͡sɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑin/	/t͡sɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjen/	/t͡sieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑin/	/t͡sɨX/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕn/	/t͡siəX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕn/	/t͡sĭəX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕn/	/t͡siX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chén	zǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san4	zi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]i[ŋ]  tsəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡiŋ  ʔslɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臣	子
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chén	zǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyin ›	‹ tsiX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/	/*tsəʔ/
English	slave, subject	child; gentleman, master
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臣	子
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1342	17857
Phonetic component	臣	子
Rime group	眞	之
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	辰	子
Old Chinese	/*ɡiŋ/	/*ʔslɯʔ/
Notes	甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴， 省戈表不刺者則爲臣， 專指役使於家內者

Noun

臣子

1. minister; statesman; official (in feudal society)

Synonyms

• 臣 (chén)