羯

羯 U+7FAF, 羯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FAF ← 羮 [U+7FAE] CJK Unified Ideographs 羰 → [U+7FB0]

Translingual

Han character

羯 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿手日心女 (TQAPV), four-corner 8652₇, composition ⿰羊曷)

Derived characters

• 𭌅

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 953, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28537
• Dae Jaweon: page 1398, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3136, character 10
• Unihan data for U+7FAF

Chinese

trad.		羯
simp. #		羯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 羯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愒	*kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤	*qaːds
靄	*qaːds, *qaːd
餲	*qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd
喝	*qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭	*kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad
偈	*ɡrads, *ɡrad
猲	*kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛	*kaːd
輵	*kaːd
獦	*klaːd, *rab
渴	*kʰaːd, *ɡrad
嵑	*kʰaːd
暍	*qʰaːd, *qad
曷	*ɡaːd
褐	*ɡaːd
鶡	*ɡaːd
毼	*ɡaːd
蝎	*ɡaːd
鞨	*ɡaːd, *ɢljad
遏	*qaːd
齃	*qaːd
堨	*qaːd
擖	*kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
楬	*kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad
朅	*kʰrad
藒	*kʰrad
竭	*ɡrad, *ɡad
碣	*ɡrad, *ɡad
羯	*kad
鍻	*kad
歇	*qʰad
蠍	*qʰad
謁	*qad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kad) : semantic 羊 (“sheep; goat”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).

Etymology

“wether”

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with 羖 (OC *klaːʔ, “(black) ram”), as well as Kinnauri [script needed] (kʰas), Chitkuli Kinnauri [script needed] (kʰa), [script needed] (kʰɘs, “sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this word to 割 (OC *kaːd, “to cut”).

“Jie people”

Borrowed from Jie. Possibly of Yeniseian origin. Pulleyblank (1962) connects the ethnonym to Proto-Yeniseian *cewç (“stone”). Vovin et al. (2016) additionally proposes *keˀt (“person, human being”) as a possible etymon. This character was likely chosen to transcribe the indigenous name of the tribe for its pejorative meaning (ibid.).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jié (jie²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kit³ / git³
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): giad⁵
• Jin (Wiktionary): jieh⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giêg⁴ / giag⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jié
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jié
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²
    • Yale: jyé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
    • Palladius: цзе (cze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kit³ / git³
    • Yale: kit / git
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kit⁸ / git⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: kid³ / gid³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiːt̚³/, /kiːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: giad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kiat̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jieh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat
    • Tâi-lô: kiat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giêg⁴ / giag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiek / kiak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiek̚²/, /kiak̚²/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjot

Rime
Character	羯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	月 (67)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居謁切
Baxter	kjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨat̚/
Li Rong	/kiɐt̚/
Wang Li	/kĭɐt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɨ̯ɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	git3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kad/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	羯
Reading #	1/1
No.	5058
Phonetic component	曷
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kad/

Definitions

羯

1. castrated buck caprid; wether
2. Jie people (a small, extinct tribe that once lived in North China)
3. (Hakka) to castrate; to neuter; to emasculate

Synonyms

• (to castrate): 閹割／阉割 (yāngē), 去勢／去势 (qùshì)

Compounds

• 封胡羯末
• 戎羯
• 拓羯
• 揩羯鼓
• 摩羯座 (Mójiézuò)
• 獯羯
• 䍪羯
• 羯孽
• 羯族
• 羯磨 (jiémó)
• 羯羊 (jiéyáng)
• 羯羠
• 羯羶
• 羯胡 (Jiéhú)
• 羯語 / 羯语 (jiéyǔ)
• 羯鼓 (jiégǔ)
• 羯鼓催花
• 臊羯奴
• 花奴羯鼓
• 赭羯
• 醜羯 / 丑羯
• 靺羯芽

 

Descendants

• → English: Jie, Chieh

References

• “羯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

羯

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. barbarian
2. (more specifically) the Jie people, a certain tribe that lived to the north of China in antiquity (see Chinese 羯 (jié) for details)

Readings

• Go-on: こち (kochi)
• Kan-on: けつ (ketsu)
• Kan’yō-on: かつ (katsu)

Compounds

Compounds

• 羯(かっ)鼓(こ) (kakko, “a kind of two-headed tensioned drum”)
• 羯(かっ)鼓(こ)舞(まい) (kakkomai, “a dance in noh performed to the beat of a kakko drum”)
• 羯(かっ)鼓(こ)物(もの) (kakkomono, “the fourth act in a noh play, consisting of a kakko-mai dance”)
• 羯(かっ)鼓(こ)踊(おどり) (kakko odori, “a kind of folk dance performed to the beat of a kakko drum”)
• 羯(かつ)磨(ま) (katsuma)
• 羯(こん)磨(ま) (konma)
• 羯(こん)磨(ま)金(こん)剛(ごう) (konma kongō, “a Buddhist implement consisting of two vajra or dorje joined in the center to form a cross shape”)

Korean

Hanja

羯 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

羯: Hán Nôm readings: yết, khiết

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.