憎
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Translingual
[edit]| Japanese | 憎 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 憎 |
| Traditional | 憎 |
Alternative forms
[edit]Note difference between Chinese form, which uses 曾, and Japanese shinjitai which uses 曽.
Han character
[edit]憎 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12 in Chinese, 心+11 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese, 14 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 心金田日 (PCWA), four-corner 98066, composition ⿰忄曾(GHTK) or ⿰忄曽(J))
Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 402, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11188
- Dae Jaweon: page 742, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2356, character 8
- Unihan data for U+618E
Chinese
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
憎 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 憎 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsɯːŋ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ).
Etymology
[edit]Possibly the same word as 增 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, “to increase”), as in emotional accumulation (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zang1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chen
- Eastern Min (BUC): cĕng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cheng / chng
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zeng
- Wade–Giles: tsêng1
- Yale: dzēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeng
- Palladius: цзэн (czɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, nonstandard variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zèng
- Wade–Giles: tsêng4
- Yale: dzèng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzenq
- Palladius: цзэн (czɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zang1
- Yale: jāng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzang1
- Guangdong Romanization: zeng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chen
- Hakka Romanization System: zen
- Hagfa Pinyim: zen4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sen⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsong
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤəŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːŋ/
Definitions
[edit]憎
Synonyms
[edit]| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 恨, 憎恨, 嫌惡 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 恨 |
| Taiwan | 恨 | |
| Malaysia | 恨 | |
| Singapore | 恨 | |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 恨 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 恨 |
| Ürümqi | 恨 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 恨 |
| Wuhan | 恨, 懥怨 | |
| Liuzhou | 恨 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 恨 |
| Hefei | 恨 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 憎, 嬲 |
| Hong Kong | 憎 | |
| Dongguan | 憎 | |
| Yangjiang | 嬲 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 憎 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 憎 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 恨 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 恨 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 恨 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 恨 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 恨 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 恨 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 恨 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 恨 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 恨 |
| Xinzhou | 恨 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 恨 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 恨 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 恨, 猌 |
| Zhangzhou | 猌 | |
| Taipei | 猌 GT, 恨 GT | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 猌, 惱 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 猌 | |
| Chaozhou | 恨 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 恨 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 恨 |
| Wenzhou | 恨 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 恨 |
| Shuangfeng | 馮, 恨 | |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | |
Compounds
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Thai: ชัง (chang)
Japanese
[edit]| Shinjitai | 憎 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
憎 憎or 憎+ ︀?
|
|
| 憎󠄀 憎+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 憎󠄃 憎+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
[edit]憎
(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 憎)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: そう (sō)
- Kan-on: そう (sō)
- Kan’yō-on: ぞう (zō, Jōyō)
- Kun: にくい (nikui, 憎い, Jōyō)、にくしみ (nikushimi, 憎しみ, Jōyō)、にくむ (nikumu, 憎む, Jōyō)、にくらしい (nikurashii, 憎らしい, Jōyō)←にくらし (nikurasi, 憎らし, historical)
Compounds
[edit]- 合憎 (ainiku, “unfortunately”)
- 生憎 (ainiku, “unfortunately”)
References
[edit]- ^ “憎”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]憎 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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