失言

Chinese

		to lose; to miss; to fail	to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word
simp. and trad. (失言)		失	言

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shīyán

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sat¹ jin⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sit-giân / sit-gân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shīyán
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shihyán
  - Wade–Giles: shih¹-yen²
  - Yale: shr̄-yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyyan
  - Palladius: шиянь (šijanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sat¹ jin⁴
  - Yale: sāt yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sat⁷ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sed¹ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐt̚⁵ jiːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-giân
  - Tâi-lô: sit-giân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sitgieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiɛn²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-gân
  - Tâi-lô: sit-gân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sitgaan
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚³²⁻⁵ ɡan¹³/

Verb

失言

to utter what should not be said; to make an improper remark; to put one's foot in one's mouth; to make a slip of the tongue
- 有司言有子殺母者，籍曰：「嘻！殺父乃可，至殺母乎！」坐者怪其失言。帝曰：「殺父，天下之極惡，而以爲可乎？」籍曰：「禽獸知母而不知父，殺父，禽獸之類也。殺母禽獸之不若。」衆乃悅服。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  有司言有子杀母者，籍曰：「嘻！杀父乃可，至杀母乎！」坐者怪其失言。帝曰：「杀父，天下之极恶，而以为可乎？」籍曰：「禽兽知母而不知父，杀父，禽兽之类也。杀母禽兽之不若。」众乃悦服。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: 648 CE, Fang Xuanling (lead editor), Book of Jin
  Yǒusī yán yǒu zǐ shā mǔ zhě, Jí yuē: “Xī! Shā fù nǎi kě, zhì shā mǔ hū!” Zuò zhě guài qí shīyán. Dì yuē: “Shā fù, tiānxià zhī jí è, ér yǐwéi kě hū?” Jí yuē: “Qínshòu zhī mǔ ér bùzhī fù, shā fù, qínshòu zhī lèi yě. Shā mǔ qínshòu zhī bùruò.” Zhòng nǎi yuèfú. [Pinyin]
  Once an official reported about a man who had killed his mother. Ruan Ji exclaimed, “Ah! Killing one’s father might be tolerable, but killing one’s mother is unthinkable!” Everyone present was shocked by his words. The emperor questioned him: “To kill one's father is the greatest sin in the world. How could you say that it is tolerable?” Ruan Ji replied: “Animals instinctively recognize their mother but remain ignorant of their father. Therefore, killing one’s father reduces a person to an animal, but killing one’s mother makes them worse than a beast.” Everyone else in the hall was gaily convinced by his reasoning.

Synonyms

edit

失口 (shīkǒu)
失語 / 失语 (shīyǔ) (literary)
漏喙 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
漏嘴 (lòuzuǐ)
漏話 / 漏话 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
甪喙 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
脫喙 / 脱喙 (Hokkien)
落口 (Xiamen Hokkien)
落喙 (Hokkien)
落話 / 落话 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
說漏嘴 / 说漏嘴 (shuō lòuzuǐ)
走嘴 (zǒuzuǐ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
失	言
しつ Grade: 4	げん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɕit͡sɨɡẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

失(しつ)言(げん) • (shitsugen)

slip of the tongue, gaffe

Verb

失(しつ)言(げん)する • (shitsugen suru) intransitive suru (stem 失(しつ)言(げん)し (shitsugen shi), past 失(しつ)言(げん)した (shitsugen shita))

say something inappropriate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "失言する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	失言し	しつげんし	shitsugen shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	失言し	しつげんし	shitsugen shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	失言する	しつげんする	shitsugen suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	失言する	しつげんする	shitsugen suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	失言すれ	しつげんすれ	shitsugen sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	失言せよ¹ 失言しろ²	しつげんせよ¹ しつげんしろ²	shitsugen seyo¹ shitsugen shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	失言される	しつげんされる	shitsugen sareru
Causative	失言させる失言さす	しつげんさせるしつげんさす	shitsugen saseru shitsugen sasu
Potential	失言できる	しつげんできる	shitsugen dekiru
Volitional	失言しよう	しつげんしよう	shitsugen shiyō
Negative	失言しない	しつげんしない	shitsugen shinai
Negative continuative	失言せず	しつげんせず	shitsugen sezu
Formal	失言します	しつげんします	shitsugen shimasu
Perfective	失言した	しつげんした	shitsugen shita
Conjunctive	失言して	しつげんして	shitsugen shite
Hypothetical conditional	失言すれば	しつげんすれば	shitsugen sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative