基本

Chinese

		base; foundation; basic base; foundation; basic; (chemistry) radical	roots or stems of plants; origin; source roots or stems of plants; origin; source; this; the current; root; foundation; basis; (a measure word)
simp. and trad. (基本)		基	本

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīběn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄅㄣˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gei¹ bun²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gei¹ bon²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kî-pún

(Meixian, Guangdong): gi¹ bun³
Eastern Min (BUC): gĭ-buōng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi¹ bong³ / gi¹ buong³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ki-pún

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi¹ bung²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ci-pen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīběn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄅㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiběn
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹-pên³
  - Yale: jī-běn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jibeen
  - Palladius: цзибэнь (czibɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gei¹ bun²
  - Yale: gēi bún
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹ bun²
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi¹ bun²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵ puːn³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gei¹ bon²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei³³ pᵘɔn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî-pún
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi^ˊ bun^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹ bun³
  - Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴ pun³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gi¹ bun³
  - Sinological IPA: /ki⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pun³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭ-buōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(p-)βuoŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gi¹ bong³ [Phonetic: gi⁵ bong³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵³³⁻²¹ pɔŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gi¹ buong³ [Phonetic: gi⁵ buong³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵³³⁻²¹ puoŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-pún
  - Tâi-lô: ki-pún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki'puon
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ pun⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ pun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ pun⁵³/
  - IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ pun²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² pun⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gi¹ bung²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki púng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³⁻²³ puŋ⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ci-pen
  - MiniDict: ci^平 pen
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ji-pen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pən²¹/

Middle Chinese: ki pwonX

Rime
Character	基	本
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居之切	布忖切
Baxter	ki	pwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨ/	/puən^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨ/	/puon^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kie/	/puən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨ/	/pwən^X/
Li Rong	/kiə/	/puən^X/
Wang Li	/kĭə/	/puən^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki/	/puən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī	běn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei¹	bun²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)ə C.pˤə[n]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯ pɯːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	基	本
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī	běn
Middle Chinese	‹ ki ›	‹ pwon^X ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)ə/	/*C.pˁə[n]ʔ/
English	base (n.)	tree trunk
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	基	本
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9930	473
Phonetic component	其	本
Rime group	之	文
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	姬	本
Old Chinese	/*kɯ/	/*pɯːnʔ/

Noun

基本

basis; root; fundament

Synonyms

edit

來源 / 来源 (láiyuán)
出處 / 出处
大本 (dàběn) (literary)
本源 (běnyuán)
根 (gēn)
根本 (gēnběn)
根源 (gēnyuán)
根頭 / 根头 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
泉源 (quányuán)
淵源 / 渊源 (yuānyuán)
源 (yuán) (literary, or in compounds)
源泉 (yuánquán) (figurative)
源頭 / 源头 (yuántóu) (figurative)
濫觴 / 滥觞 (lànshāng) (literary)
由來 / 由来 (yóulái)
起源 (qǐyuán)

Adjective

基本

basic; fundamental; elementary; rudimentary
基本詞彙／基本词汇 ― jīběn cíhuì ― basic vocabulary

基本假設／基本假设 ― jīběn jiǎshè ― basic assumption

馬克思主義基本原理 [MSC, trad.]
马克思主义基本原理 [MSC, simp.]
mǎkèsīzhǔyì jīběn yuánlǐ [Pinyin]
the basic principles of Marxism

申請入黨的基本條件 [MSC, trad.]
申请入党的基本条件 [MSC, simp.]
shēnqǐng rùdǎng de jīběn tiáojiàn [Pinyin]
basic requirements for applying for party membership
important; essential; main

Synonyms

(basic): 基礎／基础 (jīchǔ), (attributive) 起碼／起码 (qǐmǎ)
(important):

edit

主要 (zhǔyào) (most important)
吃勁 / 吃劲 (chījìn) (colloquial)
吃緊 / 吃紧 (chījǐn)
根本 (gēnběn)
當家 / 当家 (dāngjiā) (attributive, most important)
要緊 / 要紧 (yàojǐn)
重大
重要 (zhòngyào)
關鍵 / 关键 (guānjiàn)

Adverb

基本

overall; on the whole; generally; more or less; in the main

Synonyms

edit

全盤看來 / 全盘看来 (quánpán kànlái)
基本上 (jīběnshàng)
大抵 (dàdǐ)
大致上 (dàzhìshang)
大都
大體 / 大体 (dàtǐ)
大體上 / 大体上 (dàtǐshang)
大體而言 / 大体而言 (dàtǐ ér yán)
總的來說 / 总的来说 (zǒngdeláishuō)
總算 / 总算 (zǒngsuàn)

Derived terms

全民基本收入 (quánmín jīběn shōurù)
基本上 (jīběnshàng)
基本功 (jīběngōng)
基本區 / 基本区 (jīběnqū)
基本單位 / 基本单位
基本國策 / 基本国策
基本工資 / 基本工资 (jīběn gōngzī)
基本收入 (jīběn shōurù)
基本法 (jīběnfǎ)
基本相互作用 (jīběn xiānghù zuòyòng)
基本矛盾
基本粒子 (jīběn lìzǐ)
基本詞彙 / 基本词汇
基本點 / 基本点 (jīběndiǎn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (基本):

→ Japanese: 基(き)本(ほん) (kihon)
→ Korean: 기본(基本) (gibon)
→ Vietnamese: cơ bản (基本)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
基	本
き Grade: 5	ほん Grade: 1
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きほん [kìhóń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲihõ̞ɴ]

Noun

基(き)本(ほん) • (kihon)

basis, foundation
(martial arts) kihon

Synonyms

Antonyms

枝葉(えだは) (edaha, “trivia, nonessential”)
応用(おうよう) (ōyō, “advance”)

Derived terms

基(き)本(ほん)的(てき) (kihonteki): basic, elementary, fundamental
基(き)本(ほん)給(きゅう) (kihonkyū): basic salary
基(き)本(ほん)財(ざい)産(さん) (kihonzaisan): endowment
基(き)本(ほん)数(すう) (kihonsū): monoploid number

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
基	本

Noun

基本 • (gibon) (hangeul 기본)

hanja form^? of 기본 (“basis, foundation”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
基	本

Noun

基本

chữ Hán form of cơ bản (“basic; essential; fundamental”).

Adverb

基本

chữ Hán form of cơ bản (“basically; essentially”).

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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