國人

Chinese

		country; state; nation	man; person; people
trad. (國人)		國	人
simp. (国人)		国	人

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guórén

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwok³ jan⁴
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): gog⁴ ring⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guórén
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guórén
  - Wade–Giles: kuo²-jên²
  - Yale: gwó-rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gworen
  - Palladius: гожэнь (gožɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwok³ jan⁴
  - Yale: gwok yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwok⁸ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: guog³ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gog⁴ ring⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kok jîng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kok̚²⁻⁴ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: kwok nyin

Rime
Character	國	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	德 (132)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古或切	如鄰切
Baxter	kwok	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwək̚/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷək̚/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/kuək̚/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwək̚/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/kuək̚/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/kuək̚/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwək̚/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwak¹	jan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.q]ʷˤək ni[ŋ]/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯːɡ njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	國	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guó	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ kwok ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.q]ʷˁək/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	state (n.)	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	國	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5547	10800
Phonetic component	或	人
Rime group	職	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	國	仁
Old Chinese	/*kʷɯːɡ/	/*njin/

Noun

國人

compatriot; fellow countryman
國人原創漫畫／国人原创漫画 ― guórén yuánchuàng mànhuà ― domestic original manhua
- 夫也不良、國人知之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  夫也不良、国人知之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Fū yě bùliáng, guórén zhī zhī. [Pinyin]
  That man is not good, and the people of the State know it.
- 國人皆曰不可，然後察之；見不可焉，然後去之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  国人皆曰不可，然后察之；见不可焉，然后去之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Guórén jiē yuē bùkě, rán hòu chá zhī; jiàn bùkě yān, rán hòu qù zhī. [Pinyin]
  But if all the people of the state say he is unworthy, investigate, and if you find that he is indeed unworthy, only then dismiss him
(historical) passer-by
- 假之有弟兄資財而分者，且順情性，好利而欲得，若是，則兄弟相拂奪矣；且化禮義之文理，若是，則讓乎國人矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  假之有弟兄资财而分者，且顺情性，好利而欲得，若是，则兄弟相拂夺矣；且化礼义之文理，若是，则让乎国人矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Jiǎ zhī yǒu dìxiōng zīcái ér fēn zhě, qiě shùn qíngxìng, hǎolì ér yùdé, ruòshì, zé xiōngdì xiàng fú duó yǐ; qiě huà lǐyì zhī wénlǐ, ruòshì, zé ràng hū guórén yǐ. [Pinyin]
  Suppose there were brothers with financial resources to divide: let them they follow their sentiments and natures –that is, fondness for benefit and desire for gain; if so, they would despoil and deprive each other; yet let them be changed by the forms and reasons of propriety and rectitude; if so, they would give away (their financial resources) to passers-by.

Synonyms

(compatriot): 同文 (tóngwén) (literary, figurative)