匈

匈	U+5308, 匈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5308

Translingual

Han character

匈 (Kangxi radical 20, 勹+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 心山大 (PUK), four-corner 2772₀, composition ⿹勹凶)

Derived characters

哅, 恟, 𢫤, 洶, 𣑤, 𭮌, 𤈤, 胸, 𥒚, 詾, 𨠮, 𨥸, 胷, 𦭪

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 151, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2512
Dae Jaweon: page 340, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 258, character 5
Unihan data for U+5308

Chinese

simp. and trad.		匈
alternative forms		匂匃

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 匈
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (凶) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
酗	*qʰos
凶	*qʰoŋ
匈	*qʰoŋ
兇	qʰoŋ, qʰoŋʔ
訩	*qʰoŋ
胸	*qʰoŋ
胷	*qʰoŋ
洶	qʰoŋ, qʰoŋʔ
恟	*qʰoŋ
詾	qʰoŋ, qʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰoŋ): semantic 勹 + phonetic 凶 (OC *qʰoŋ). The derivative 胸 refers to the original word.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 匈 – see 胸 (“chest; thorax; breast; bosom; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified and variant form of 胸).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiōng (xiong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiûng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoeng¹ / hyeng¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): heng / hiong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syong
  - Wade–Giles: hsiung¹
  - Yale: syūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiong
  - Palladius: сюн (sjun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hung¹
  - Yale: hūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiung^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯uŋ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hoeng¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: he̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hyeng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyøŋ⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heng / hiong
  - Tâi-lô: hing / hiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hefng, hiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ³³/, /hiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: xjowng

Rime
Character	匈
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許容切
Baxter	xjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/huawŋ/
Li Rong	/xioŋ/
Wang Li	/xĭwoŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰoŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	匈
Reading #	1/1
No.	13890
Phonetic component	凶
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	胷
Old Chinese	/*qʰoŋ/
Notes	説文胷字見集韻

Definitions

匈

Hun, Hunnic
Short for 匈牙利 (Xiōngyálì, “Hungary, Hungarian”).
Used in 匈匈.
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 凶 (xiōng, “famine”)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 兇 / 凶 (xiōng, “fearful; fierce; ferocious”)

Compounds

匈匈
匈奴 (Xiōngnú)
匈奴入侵
匈牙利 (Xiōngyálì)
奧匈帝國 / 奥匈帝国 (Ào-Xiōng Dìguó)
貫匈國 / 贯匈国

Usage notes

This character is only used in some proper nouns and is not productive in modern Chinese. See 匈奴 (Xiōngnú) and 匈牙利 (Xiōngyálì).

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “匈”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 266.

Japanese

Kanji

匈

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
Kun: むね (mune, 匈)、おそれる (osoreru)、さわぐ (sawagu)

Kanji in this term
匈
きょう Hyōgai
kan'on

Noun

匈(きょう) • (kyō)

Abbreviation of 匈牙利. Hungary

Korean

Hanja

匈 (eumhun 오랑캐 흉 (orangkae hyung))

Vietnamese

Han character

匈: Hán Nôm readings: hung

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.