fearful

English

Alternative forms

• fearefull, fearfull (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English ferful, fervol, equivalent to fear +‎ -ful.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈfɪə(ɹ)fəl/, /ˈfɪə(ɹ)fʊl/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈfɪɹfəl/, /ˈfɪɹfʊl/, /ˈfɪɚfəl/, /ˈfɪɚfʊl/
• (obsolete) IPA^(key): /ˈfɜː(ɹ)fəl/, /ˈfɜː(ɹ)fʊl/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)fəl, -ɪə(ɹ)fʊl
• Hyphenation: fear‧ful

Adjective

fearful (comparative fearfuller or fearfuler or more fearful, superlative fearfullest or fearfulest or most fearful)

1. Frightening; causing fear.
   • c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

     Sirs, stop their mouths, let them not speak to me,
     But let them hear what fearful words I utter.

   • 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 184:

     In the later Hebrew midrash Lilith is presented as the woman who knows how to recite the fearful name of God to work calamity; that this little girl cries out the fearful name of the sun god and thereby causes an earthquake would indicate that this girl is linked in the structure of the myth with Lilith.

2. Tending to fear; timid.

   a fearful boy

3. (dated) Terrible; shockingly bad.
   • 1859, Charles Dickens, The Haunted House:

     But every day after dinner, for an hour, we were all together, and then the Favourite and the rest of the Royal Hareem competed who should most beguile the leisure of the Serene Haroun reposing from the cares of State — which were generally, as in most affairs of State, of an arithmetical character, the Commander of the Faithful being a fearful boggler at a sum.

4. (now rare) Frightened; filled with terror.
   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

     kings ſhall crouch vnto our conquering ſwords,
     And hoſtes of Souldiers ſtand amazd at vs,
     When with their fearfull tongues they ſhall confeſſe
     Theſe are the men that al the world admires,

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     Those two great champions did attonce pursew / The fearefull damzell with incessant payns […]

Synonyms

• (frightened): frightened, timid, timorous
• See also Thesaurus:afraid and Thesaurus:cowardly

Translations

frightening

• Bulgarian: страшен (bg) (strašen)
• Czech: děsivý (cs), hrozný (cs), hrozivý (cs), strašlivý
• French: effrayant (fr), redoutable (fr)
• Galician: medoñento (gl)
• German: furchtbar (de)
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (agisleiks)
• Greek: φοβερός (el) (foverós), τρομακτικός (el) (tromaktikós)

  Ancient: φοβερός (phoberós)

• Irish: scanrúil
• Korean: 무섭다 (ko) (museopda), 두렵다 (ko) (duryeopda)
• Latin: timidus, meticulosus, dirus
• Latvian: biedējošs, baismīgs (lv)
• Middle Korean: 므ᅀᅴ〮엽다〮 (mùzúyyèptá), 두립〮다〮 (twùlíptá), 저프다〮 (cèphùtá)
• Plautdietsch: forchtsom
• Portuguese: amedrontador
• Russian: стра́шный (ru) (strášnyj), ужа́сный (ru) (užásnyj)
• Sanskrit: भीम (sa) (bhīma)
• Turkish: korkulu
• Vietnamese: đáng sợ (vi)

tending to fear

• Arabic: خَوَّاف (ḵawwāf)
• Czech: bázlivý (cs), lekavý
• Danish: frygtsom
• Dutch: angstig (nl), bang (nl), vreesachtig (nl)
• French: peureux (fr), craintif (fr)
• Galician: medoñento (gl), medoso
• German: furchtsam (de), ängstlich (de)
• Greek:

  Ancient: δειλός (deilós)

• Irish: faiteach, scanrúil
• Latin: pavidus, timidus
• Plautdietsch: enjstlich, schietrich
• Polish: strachliwy (pl)
• Portuguese: temeroso (pt)

terrible

• Bulgarian: ужасен (bg) (užasen)
• Czech: hrozný (cs), děsivý (cs), strašlivý
• French: terrible (fr), affreux (fr)
• German: furchtbar (de)
• Greek: φοβερός (el) (foverós), τρομερός (el) (tromerós)
• Romanian: groaznic (ro)
• Russian: ужа́сный (ru) (užásnyj)

frightened, filled with terror

• Armenian: երկչոտ (hy) (erkčʻot)
• Belarusian: бая́зны (bajázny)
• Bulgarian: уплашен (bg) (uplašen), страхлив (bg) (strahliv)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 惵 (dip⁶) (literary)

  Mandarin: 惵 (zh) (dié) (literary)

• Czech: vystrašený, ochromený strachem
• French: peureux (fr)
• German: verängstigt (de)
• Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (faurhts)
• Greek: φοβισμένος (el) (fovisménos)
• Irish: anbhách
• Italian: impaurito (it), spaventato (it), pavido (it)
• Latin: pavidus, timidus
• Latvian: nobijies
• Manx: faitagh
• Maori: ihiihi, uruwehi
• Portuguese: amedrontado (pt)
• Russian: испу́ганный (ru) (ispúgannyj), пугли́вый (ru) (puglívyj)
• Spanish: miedoso (es), temeroso (es)
• Turkish: korkmuş (tr)
• Vietnamese: sợ hãi (vi), sợ sệt (vi), sợ (vi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} terrible (es), ^{(please verify)} espantoso (es), ^{(please verify)} tremendo (es), ^{(please verify)} temeroso (es)

Adverb

fearful (comparative more fearful, superlative most fearful)

1. (dialectal) Extremely; fearfully.
   • 2009, Juliette Shapiro, Mr. Darcy's Decision: A Sequel to Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice:

     “He is fearful handsome, as you know,” she said remorsefully, “you cannot imagine, Georgiana, the joy when I first fell in love with him.”

   • 2014, Diana Wynne Jones, The Chrestomanci series:

     “It's a fearful strong charm needs dragon's blood,” he said plaintively.

   • 2014, Michael Brock, Eleanor Brock, Margot Asquith's Great War Diary 1914-1916:

     His Dardanelles expedition gave the Turk a fearful long start.

Further reading

• “fearful”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “fearful”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• Lauffer