저프다

Middle Korean

Etymology

From Old Korean 次弗 (*copu-l), equivalent to 젛다〮 (cèh-tá, “to fear”) +‎ ᄫᅳ (-Wu-, adjective-deriving suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡sə̀.pʰɨ̀.tá/

Adjective

저프다〮 (cèphùtá) (infinitive 저퍼〮, sequential 저프니〮)

1. to be fearful, to be frightening

   Synonyms: 므ᅀᅴ〮엽다〮 (mùzúyyèptá), 두립〮다〮 (twùlíptá)

2. to be fearful, to be in fear

   Synonyms: 므ᅀᅴ〮엽다〮 (mùzúyyèptá), 두립〮다〮 (twùlíptá)

   • 1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin seokbo], pages 4:38b—39a:

     世(솅〮)界(갱〮)ㅅ 일〯ᄋᆞᆯ〮 보〮샤〮 아로〮미〮 훤ᄒᆞ〮시며〮 ᄯᅡᆺ〮 相(샤ᇰ〮)이〮 드러〮치〮니〯
     智(딩〮)慧(ᅘᆒᆼ〮) ᄇᆞᆯᄀᆞ샤〮 저푸〮미〮 업〯스〮시며〮 하ᄂᆞᆳ〮 부〮피〮 절로〮 우〯니〮

     SYÉY.KÁY-s ǐl-ól pwósyá àlwóm-í hwuèn-hósìmyé stá-s SYÁNG-í tùléchínǐ
     TÍ.HHYWUÉY pòlkòsyá cèphwúm-í ěpsúsìmyé hànól-s pwúp-í cèllwó ǔní

     He saw the affairs of the world; his knowledge was clear; the earth's image trembled.
     His wisdom was bright; he had no fears; the drum of heaven was beating by itself.

Usage notes

The three adjectives all mean "to be fearful" and are largely synonymous, but there are nuanced differences:

• 므ᅀᅴ〮엽다〮 (mùzúyyèptá) has a stronger connotation of physical fear and revulsion.
• 두립〮다〮 (twùlíptá) has a stronger connotation of a fear which causes one to be cautious.
• 저프다〮 (cèphùtá) has a stronger connotation of a fear of a supernatural entity.