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俞

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 兪 and 侖
俞 U+4FDE, 俞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FDE
← 保
[U+4FDD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 俟 →
[U+4FDF]

Translingual

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Han character

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俞 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人一月弓 (OMBN), four-corner 80221, composition ⿱亼刖)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 703
  • Dae Jaweon: page 223, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 155, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4FDE

Chinese

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trad. 俞/兪
simp. 俞

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 俞
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j19961
j19962
j19963
b13234
b13235
b13236
b13237
b13238
b13239
b13240
b13241
b13242
s06179
Transcribed ancient scripts
L30528
L30529
L30530
L02687
L02688
L02689
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (俞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
褕 *low, *lo
偷 *l̥ʰoː
媮 *l̥ʰoː, *lo
鍮 *l̥ʰoː
緰 *l'oː, *slo
牏 *l'oː, *l'os, *lo
揄 *l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo
窬 *l'oː, *l'oːs, *lo
歈 *l'oː, *lo
俞 *l̥ʰus, *lo
隃 *slo, *hljo, *hljos, *lo
毹 *sro
輸 *hljo, *hljos
鄃 *hljo, *lo
腧 *hljos
逾 *lo
榆 *lo
愉 *lo
渝 *lo
瑜 *lo
蕍 *lo
覦 *lo, *los
蝓 *lo
踰 *lo
崳 *lo
羭 *lo
堬 *lo
瘉 *lo, *loʔ
萮 *lo
騟 *lo
愈 *loʔ
貐 *loʔ
喻 *los
諭 *los

In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw), hence a form vaguely similar to 甲. It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ).

In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent of 甲 gradually corrupted into two lines 巜 (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (vaguely similar to 口) was eventually stylized as (亼) and moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips. Eventually, 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form.

Unrelated to 前, 刖, 巜, and 巛.

Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • zou2 - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • zy2 - literary.
Rime
Character 俞
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊朱切
Baxter yu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jɨo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jio/
Shao
Rongfen 		/io/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/juə̆/
Li
Rong 		/io/
Wang
Li 		/jĭu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 俞
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yu ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lo/
English yes, agree; satisfied, at ease

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 俞
Reading # 2/2
No. 15853
Phonetic
component 		俞
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		逾
Old
Chinese 		/*lo/
Notes 金文象以銳器刳木爲舟

Definitions

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俞

  1. (historical dictionaries only) to hollow a tree to make a boat
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) yes; indeed
    Synonym: 然 (rán)
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to approve; to consent
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to reply; to respond
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) satisfied; at ease
  6. a surname
    俞大猷  ―  Yú Dàyóu  ―  Yu Dayou (Chinese general and martial artist during the Ming dynasty)
  7. Obsolete form of 踰 / 逾 (yú): to exceed; to surpass
  8. Obsolete form of 渝 (yú, “to change”).
  9. Obsolete form of 愉 (yú), used in 俞俞.

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 俞 俞
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36) 徹 (10)
Final (韻) 虞 (24) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 羊朱切 丑救切
Baxter yu trhjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jɨo/ /ʈʰɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jio/ /ʈʰiuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/io/ /ȶʰiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/juə̆/ /ʈʰuwH/
Li
Rong 		/io/ /ȶʰiuH/
Wang
Li 		/jĭu/ /ȶʰĭəuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯u/ /ȶʰi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yú chòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu4 cau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 俞
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yu ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lo/
English yes, agree; satisfied, at ease

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 俞 俞
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 15841 15853
Phonetic
component 		俞 俞
Rime
group 		幽 侯
Rime
subdivision 		1 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		畜 逾
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰus/ /*lo/
Notes 金文象以銳器刳木爲舟

Definitions

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俞

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a surname

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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俞

  1. Only used in 俞兒／俞儿 (Shū'ér).

Etymology 4

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Jiajie (假借).

Pronunciation 1

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Definitions
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俞

  1. Obsolete form of 愈 (yù): even more
  2. Obsolete form of 癒 / 愈 (yù, “to recover from illness”).
  3. Obsolete form of 諭 / 谕 (yù), used in 俞咨 (yùzī).
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 呴俞 (xǔyù).

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions
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俞

  1. Obsolete form of 腧 (“acupoint”).
  2. Obsolete form of 隃, only used in 西俞 (Xīshù).

Pronunciation 3

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Definitions
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俞

  1. (historical) Alternative form of 鄃 (Shū)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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俞

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): ゆ (yu)
  • Kun: しかり (shikari)

Korean

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Hanja

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俞 (eum 유 (yu))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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俞: Hán Nôm readings: dũ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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