上手
Chinese
[edit]up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up |
hand; convenient; ‑er | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (上手) |
上 | 手 |
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng6 sau2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): siang5 siu2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): song-sú
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siōng-chhiú / siāng-chhiú
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zaon-seu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄕㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shàngshǒu
- Wade–Giles: shang4-shou3
- Yale: shàng-shǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqshoou
- Palladius: шаншоу (šanšou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 上手
上首
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: soeng6 sau2
- Yale: seuhng sáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: soeng6 sau2
- Guangdong Romanization: sêng6 seo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sœːŋ²² sɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: siang5 siu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /siaŋ³² siu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song-sú
- Hakka Romanization System: song suˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: song4 su3
- Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵ su³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng-chhiú
- Tâi-lô: siōng-tshiú
- Phofsit Daibuun: sioxngchiuo
- IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng-chhiú
- Tâi-lô: siāng-tshiú
- Phofsit Daibuun: siaxngchiuo
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: dzyangH syuwX
Noun
[edit]上手
- Alternative form of 上首 (shàngshǒu, “honored one; seat of honor”)
- predecessor; one's superior
- player whose turn comes next
- expert
- (Cantonese) previous owner of real estate
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng5 sau2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): siang1 siu2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiūⁿ-chhiú / chiōⁿ-chhiú / chiǔⁿ-chhiú
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄕㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shàngshǒu
- Wade–Giles: shang4-shou3
- Yale: shàng-shǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqshoou
- Palladius: шаншоу (šanšou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 上手
上首
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: soeng5 sau2
- Yale: séuhng sáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: soeng5 sau2
- Guangdong Romanization: sêng5 seo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sœːŋ¹³ sɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: siang1 siu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /siaŋ³³ siu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiūⁿ-chhiú
- Tâi-lô: tsiūnn-tshiú
- Phofsit Daibuun: cviuxchiuo
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siũ³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡siũ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siũ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōⁿ-chhiú
- Tâi-lô: tsiōnn-tshiú
- Phofsit Daibuun: cvioixchiuo
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiǔⁿ-chhiú
- Tâi-lô: tsiǔnn-tshiú
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siũ²² t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
Verb
[edit]上手
Synonyms
[edit]- (to start):
Adverb
[edit]上手
- (colloquial) at the outset
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
上 | 手 |
じょう Grade: 1 |
ず Grade: 1 |
on'yomi |
/d͡ʑauzu/ → /d͡ʑɔːzu/ → /d͡ʑoːzu/
From Middle Chinese compound 上手 (dzyangH syuwX, “to have the upper hand → to gain mastery, to master something”, literally “top hand”).
This reading is likely a later innovation in Japanese after the initial borrowing. This uses the goon of jō for the first character, and the kan'yōon of zu for the second character.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]上手 • (jōzu) ←じやうず (zyauzu)?-na (adnominal 上手な (jōzu na), adverbial 上手に (jōzu ni))
Inflection
[edit]Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 上手だろ | じょうずだろ | jōzu daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 上手で | じょうずで | jōzu de |
Terminal (終止形) | 上手だ | じょうずだ | jōzu da |
Attributive (連体形) | 上手な | じょうずな | jōzu na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 上手なら | じょうずなら | jōzu nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 上手であれ | じょうずであれ | jōzu de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 上手ではない 上手じゃない |
じょうずではない じょうずじゃない |
jōzu de wa nai jōzu ja nai |
Informal past | 上手だった | じょうずだった | jōzu datta |
Informal negative past | 上手ではなかった 上手じゃなかった |
じょうずではなかった じょうずじゃなかった |
jōzu de wa nakatta jōzu ja nakatta |
Formal | 上手です | じょうずです | jōzu desu |
Formal negative | 上手ではありません 上手じゃありません |
じょうずではありません じょうずじゃありません |
jōzu de wa arimasen jōzu ja arimasen |
Formal past | 上手でした | じょうずでした | jōzu deshita |
Formal negative past | 上手ではありませんでした 上手じゃありませんでした |
じょうずではありませんでした じょうずじゃありませんでした |
jōzu de wa arimasen deshita jōzu ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 上手で | じょうずで | jōzu de |
Conditional | 上手なら(ば) | じょうずなら(ば) | jōzu nara (ba) |
Provisional | 上手だったら | じょうずだったら | jōzu dattara |
Volitional | 上手だろう | じょうずだろう | jōzu darō |
Adverbial | 上手に | じょうずに | jōzu ni |
Degree | 上手さ | じょうずさ | jōzusa |
Antonyms
[edit]- 下手 (heta)
Noun
[edit]- (rare) skill, dexterity
- flattery (from being told how skillful one is, even if one isn't)
- いつもお上手をいわれて自惚れた。
- Itsumo ojōzu o iwarete unuboreta.
- He was always told flattering things and got full of himself.
- いつもお上手をいわれて自惚れた。
- a person with the seventh dan in the games of shogi or go
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “skill, dexterity”): 下手 (heta)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
上 | 手 |
じょう Grade: 1 |
しゅ Grade: 1 |
on'yomi |
/d͡ʑauɕu/ → /d͡ʑɔːɕu/ → /d͡ʑoːɕu/
From Middle Chinese compound 上手 (dzyangH syuwX, “to have the upper hand → to gain mastery, to master something”, literally “top hand”).
This is the goon reading for both characters, so likely the reading as initially borrowed.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]上手 • (jōshu) ←じやうしゆ (zyausyu)?-na (adnominal 上手な (jōshu na), adverbial 上手に (jōshu ni))
- (obsolete) same as jōzu reading above
Usage notes
[edit]Obsolete. Replaced by the jōzu reading above.
Noun
[edit]上手 • (jōshu) ←じやうしゆ (zyausyu)?
- (obsolete) same as jōzu reading above
Usage notes
[edit]Obsolete. Replaced by the jōzu reading above.
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
上 | 手 |
じょう Grade: 1 |
て Grade: 1 |
jūbakoyomi |
/d͡ʑaute/ → /d͡ʑɔːte/ → /d͡ʑoːte/
Variation on jōzu above, replacing the kan'yōon of zu with the kun'yomi of te.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (rare) alternate for jōzu above
- Short for 上手物 (jōtemono): an exquisite piece of workmanship
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “crude piece of workmanship”): 下手物 (getemono)
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
上 | 手 |
うわ Grade: 1 |
て Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 上 (uwa, “up, upper”) + 手 (te, “hand”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]上手 • (uwate) -na (adnominal 上手な (uwate na), adverbial 上手に (uwate ni))
- superior, better
- aggressive, bold, on the offensive
Synonyms
[edit]- (aggressive, bold, on the offensive): 高飛車 (takabisha)
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “unaggressive, modest, on the defensive”): 下手 (shitate)
Noun
[edit]- (sumo) an overhand hold
- (sumo) the upper hand in an overhand hold
- upstream, the upstream portion of a river
- upwind
- a skilled player of games, such as go or shogi
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “downstream, downwind, stage right”): 下手 (shimote)
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
上 | 手 |
かみ Grade: 1 |
て Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 上 (kami, “up, upper”) + 手 (te, “hand”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- upstream, the upstream portion of a river
- upwind
- uphill, the upper portion of a hill or other geographic feature
- the head of a table, the seat of honor
- stage left: the left-hand side of a stage when looking from the stage towards the audience
- the left-hand side of a drawstring on a fishing net
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “downstream, downwind, stage right”): 下手 (shimote)
Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
上 | 手 |
Grade: 1 | Grade: 1 |
irregular |
/kamute/ → /kaute/ → /kɔːte/ → /koːte/
Originally a compound of 上 (kamu, “up, upper”) + 手 (te, “hand”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (rare) the left-hand side of a drawstring on a fishing net
See also
[edit]- 上手い (umai)
References
[edit]- Mandarin terms with homophones
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 上
- Chinese terms spelled with 手
- Cantonese Chinese
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Taishanese verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Chinese adverbs
- Mandarin adverbs
- Cantonese adverbs
- Taishanese adverbs
- Hokkien adverbs
- Chinese colloquialisms
- Japanese terms spelled with 上 read as じょう
- Japanese terms spelled with 手 read as ず
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with rare senses
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 手 read as しゅ
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 手 read as て
- Japanese terms read with jūbakoyomi
- Japanese short forms
- Japanese terms spelled with 上 read as うわ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese compound terms
- ja:Sumo
- Japanese terms spelled with 上 read as かみ
- Japanese terms spelled with 上
- Japanese terms spelled with 手
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings