trauma

See also: Trauma

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈtɹɔː.mə/, /ˈtɹaʊ.mə/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈtɹɔ.mə/
  • (cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /ˈtɹɑ.mə/
• Rhymes: -ɔːmə, -aʊmə

Noun

trauma (countable and uncountable, plural traumas or traumata)

1. Any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.
2. An emotional wound leading to psychological injury.
   • 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian‎^[1]:

     Jailing her on Wednesday, magistrate Liz Clyne told Robins: "You have shown little remorse either for the death of the kitten or the trauma to your former friend Sarah Knutton." She was also banned from keeping animals for 10 years.

3. An event that causes great distress.

Derived terms

• atelectrauma
• barotrauma
• biotrauma
• dialytrauma
• geotrauma
• macrotrauma
• microtrauma
• monotrauma
• multitrauma
• myotrauma
• neurotrauma
• nontrauma
• oxytrauma
• phonotrauma
• polytrauma
• posttrauma
• psychotrauma
• rape trauma syndrome
• rheotrauma
• suspension trauma
• trauma centre
• traumacore
• trauma dump
• trauma dumping
• trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy
• traumagenic
• trauma incidence reduction
• trauma-informed
• traumaless
• trauma naked
• trauma plate
• traumascape
• trauma scissors
• trauma shears
• traumatic
• traumatise/traumatize
• traumatism
• traumatology

 

Descendants

• → Japanese: トラウマ

Translations

serious injury to the body

• Arabic: إِصَابَة f (ʔiṣāba)
• Armenian: վնասվածք (hy) (vnasvackʻ)
• Azerbaijani: zədə, travma
• Belarusian: тра́ўма f (tráŭma), ра́на f (rána)
• Bengali: আঘাত (bn) (aghat)
• Bulgarian: тра́вма f (trávma), ра́на (bg) f (rána)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 負傷 / 负伤 (zh) (fùshāng), 損傷 / 损伤 (zh) (sǔnshāng), 外傷 / 外伤 (zh) (wàishāng), 創傷 / 创伤 (zh) (chuāngshāng)

• Czech: trauma (cs) n, úraz (cs) m
• Dutch: trauma (nl) n
• Esperanto: traŭmato
• Finnish: vamma (fi), ruumiinvamma (fi); trauma (fi) (medical profession jargon)
• French: traumatisme (fr) m, trauma (fr) m
• Galician: trauma (gl) f, traumatismo (gl) m
• Georgian: ტრავმა (ka) (ṭravma)
• German: Trauma (de) n
• Greek: τραύμα (el) n (trávma)
• Hebrew: טְרָאוּמָה (he) f (trá'uma)
• Hindi: आघात (hi) m (āghāt)
• Hungarian: trauma (hu), sérülés (hu), seb (hu), sebesülés (hu)
• Indonesian: trauma (id)
• Italian: trauma (it) m
• Japanese: 外傷 (ja) (がいしょう, gaishō), 損傷 (ja) (そんしょう, sonshō)
• Kazakh: жарақат (jaraqat)
• Korean: 외상(外傷) (oesang), 손상(損傷) (ko) (sonsang)
• Kyrgyz: жаракат (ky) (jarakat)
• Macedonian: траума f (trauma)
• Maori: ngaukino, pāmamaetanga
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: гэмтэл (mn) (gemtel)

  Mongolian: ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ (gemtül)

• Persian: ضربت (fa) (zarbat), ضربه (fa) (zarbe), آسیب (fa) (âsib), جراحت (fa) (jerâhat)
• Polish: uraz (pl) m, trauma (pl)
• Portuguese: traumatismo (pt) m
• Romanian: traumatism (ro) n
• Russian: тра́вма (ru) f (trávma), ра́на (ru) f (rána) (w)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: тра̀ума f

  Roman: tràuma (sh) f

• Slovak: trauma f, úraz m, zranenie n
• Slovene: travma f, poškodba (sl) f
• Spanish: traumatismo (es) m
• Tajik: осеб (tg) (oseb), ҷароҳат (jarohat)
• Tatar: җәрәхәт (tt) (cäräxät)
• Turkish: travma (tr), sakatlık (tr)
• Ukrainian: тра́вма (uk) f (trávma), ра́на f (rána)
• Uyghur: جاراھەت (jarahet)
• Uzbek: travma (uz), yara (uz), jarohat (uz)
• Vietnamese: chấn thương

emotional wound

• Afrikaans: trauma
• Arabic: صَدْمَةٌ عَاطِفِيَّة f (ṣadmatun ʕāṭifiyya)
• Belarusian: тра́ўма f (tráŭma), ра́на f (rána)
• Bikol Central: raya (bcl)
• Bulgarian: тра́вма f (trávma)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 陰影 / 阴影 (jam¹ jing²) (informal), 精神創傷 / 精神创伤 (zing¹ san⁴ cong³ soeng¹) (formal)

  Mandarin: 精神創傷 / 精神创伤 (jīngshén chuāngshāng), 心理陰影 / 心理阴影 (xīnlǐ yīnyǐng)

• Czech: trauma (cs) n
• Dutch: trauma (nl) n
• Esperanto: traŭmato
• Finnish: trauma (fi)
• French: traumatisme (fr)
• Galician: trauma (gl) f
• Georgian: ტრავმა (ka) (ṭravma)
• German: Trauma (de) n
• Hebrew: טְרָאוּמָה (he) f (trá'uma)
• Hungarian: trauma (hu), megrázkódtatás (hu)
• Indonesian: trauma (id)
• Italian: trauma (it) m
• Japanese: トラウマ (ja) (torauma), 心的外傷 (しんてきがいしょう, shinteki gaishō), 心の傷 (こころのきず, kokoro no kizu)
• Korean: 정신적 외상(精神的外傷) (jeongsinjeok oesang)
• Maori: whētuki, ngaukino
• Polish: trauma (pl) f, uraz psychiczny m
• Portuguese: trauma (pt) m
• Romanian: traumă (ro) f
• Russian: тра́вма (ru) f (trávma), ра́на (ru) f (rána)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: тра̀ума f

  Roman: tràuma (sh) f

• Spanish: trauma (es) m
• Turkish: sarsıntı (tr), travma (tr)
• Ukrainian: тра́вма (uk) f (trávma), ра́на f (rána)

event

• Afrikaans: trauma
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 痛苦的經歷 / 痛苦的经历 (tòngkǔ de jīnglì), 挫折 (zh) (cuòzhé)

• Dutch: trauma (nl) n
• Finnish: trauma (fi)
• French: traumatisme (fr) m
• Georgian: ტრავმა (ka) (ṭravma)
• German: Trauma (de) n
• Hebrew: טְרָאוּמָה (he) f (trá'uma)
• Hungarian: megrázó/traumatikus esemény
• Maori: whētuki
• Portuguese: trauma (pt) m
• Russian: тра́вма (ru) f (trávma)
• Spanish: trauma (es) m
• Turkish: travma (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} trauma (es) f

References

• “trauma”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• trauma in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• “trauma”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• Murata, Tamura, matura

Catalan

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈtɾaw.mə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈtɾaw.ma]

Noun

trauma m (plural traumes)

1. trauma

Derived terms

• traumatitzar

Related terms

• traumàtic

Further reading

• “trauma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “trauma”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “trauma” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “trauma” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from German Trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûma, “wound”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtrau̯ma]

Noun

trauma n

1. trauma

Declension

Declension of trauma (ma-stem neuter)

	singular	plural
nominative	trauma	traumata
genitive	traumatu	traumat
dative	traumatu	traumatům
accusative	trauma	traumata
vocative	trauma	traumata
locative	traumatu	traumatech
instrumental	traumatem	traumaty

Related terms

• traumatický
• traumatizovat
• traumatologie

 

Further reading

• “trauma”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “trauma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûma, “wound”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtrɑu̯.maː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: trau‧ma

Noun

trauma n (plural trauma's or traumata, diminutive traumaatje n)

1. trauma

Derived terms

• hoofdtrauma
• traumatisch
• traumatiseren
• traumatalogie

Descendants

• → Indonesian: trauma

Finnish

Etymology

< Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûma, “wound”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtrɑu̯mɑ/, [ˈt̪rɑ̝u̯mɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑumɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): trau‧ma

Noun

trauma

1. trauma

Declension

Inflection of trauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		trauma	traumat
genitive		trauman	traumojen
partitive		traumaa	traumoja
illative		traumaan	traumoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		trauma	traumat
accusative	nom.	trauma	traumat
	gen.	trauman
genitive		trauman	traumojen traumain rare
partitive		traumaa	traumoja
inessive		traumassa	traumoissa
elative		traumasta	traumoista
illative		traumaan	traumoihin
adessive		traumalla	traumoilla
ablative		traumalta	traumoilta
allative		traumalle	traumoille
essive		traumana	traumoina
translative		traumaksi	traumoiksi
abessive		traumatta	traumoitta
instructive		—	traumoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of trauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative traumani traumani accusative nom. traumani traumani gen. traumani genitive traumani traumojeni traumaini rare partitive traumaani traumojani inessive traumassani traumoissani elative traumastani traumoistani illative traumaani traumoihini adessive traumallani traumoillani ablative traumaltani traumoiltani allative traumalleni traumoilleni essive traumanani traumoinani translative traumakseni traumoikseni abessive traumattani traumoittani instructive — — comitative — traumoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative traumasi traumasi accusative nom. traumasi traumasi gen. traumasi genitive traumasi traumojesi traumaisi rare partitive traumaasi traumojasi inessive traumassasi traumoissasi elative traumastasi traumoistasi illative traumaasi traumoihisi adessive traumallasi traumoillasi ablative traumaltasi traumoiltasi allative traumallesi traumoillesi essive traumanasi traumoinasi translative traumaksesi traumoiksesi abessive traumattasi traumoittasi instructive — — comitative — traumoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative traumamme traumamme accusative nom. traumamme traumamme gen. traumamme genitive traumamme traumojemme traumaimme rare partitive traumaamme traumojamme inessive traumassamme traumoissamme elative traumastamme traumoistamme illative traumaamme traumoihimme adessive traumallamme traumoillamme ablative traumaltamme traumoiltamme allative traumallemme traumoillemme essive traumanamme traumoinamme translative traumaksemme traumoiksemme abessive traumattamme traumoittamme instructive — — comitative — traumoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative traumanne traumanne accusative nom. traumanne traumanne gen. traumanne genitive traumanne traumojenne traumainne rare partitive traumaanne traumojanne inessive traumassanne traumoissanne elative traumastanne traumoistanne illative traumaanne traumoihinne adessive traumallanne traumoillanne ablative traumaltanne traumoiltanne allative traumallenne traumoillenne essive traumananne traumoinanne translative traumaksenne traumoiksenne abessive traumattanne traumoittanne instructive — — comitative — traumoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative traumansa traumansa accusative nom. traumansa traumansa gen. traumansa genitive traumansa traumojensa traumainsa rare partitive traumaansa traumojaan traumojansa inessive traumassaan traumassansa traumoissaan traumoissansa elative traumastaan traumastansa traumoistaan traumoistansa illative traumaansa traumoihinsa adessive traumallaan traumallansa traumoillaan traumoillansa ablative traumaltaan traumaltansa traumoiltaan traumoiltansa allative traumalleen traumallensa traumoilleen traumoillensa essive traumanaan traumanansa traumoinaan traumoinansa translative traumakseen traumaksensa traumoikseen traumoiksensa abessive traumattaan traumattansa traumoittaan traumoittansa instructive — — comitative — traumoineen traumoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• traumaperäinen

 

Further reading

• “trauma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• maarut, murtaa

French

Etymology

From the Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûma, “wound”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʁo.ma/

Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)

1. (medicine) trauma (a localised injury produced by an external action)
2. (psychology and psychoanalysis, elliptical use for trauma psychique) psychic trauma

   Synonym: traumatisme psychique

Derived terms

• trauma acoustique
• trauma auditif
• trauma parodontal
• trauma psychique
• trauma sonore

Further reading

• “trauma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)

1. an emotional wound
2. (medicine) trauma; serious physical injury

Related terms

• traumático
• traumatismo
• traumatizar

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtrau̯ma]
• Hyphenation: trau‧ma

Noun

trauma

1. trauma:
   1. an event that causes great distress.
   2. (psychology, psychiatry) an emotional wound leading to psychological injury.
   3. (surgery) any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.

      Synonym: rudapaksa

Related terms

• traumatis
• traumatologi

 

Further reading

• “trauma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Noun

trauma (plural traumas)

1. trauma

Related terms

• traumatic

Italian

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtraw.ma/
• Rhymes: -awma
• Hyphenation: tràu‧ma

Noun

trauma m (plural traumi)

1. trauma

Anagrams

• matura, murata, rumata

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtræʉ̯.mɑ/

Noun

trauma n (definite singular traumaet, indefinite plural trauma, definite plural traumaa)

1. alternative form of traume

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²træʉ̯.mɑ/

Noun

trauma n

1. definite plural of traume

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from English trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtraw.ma/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -awma
• Syllabification: trau‧ma

Noun

trauma f

1. (medicine) trauma (serious injury to the body)

   Synonym: uraz

2. (psychology) trauma (emotional wound)

Declension

Declension of trauma

	singular	plural
nominative	trauma	traumy
genitive	traumy	traum
dative	traumie	traumom
accusative	traumę	traumy
instrumental	traumą	traumami
locative	traumie	traumach
vocative	traumo	traumy

Related terms

adjectives

• traumatologiczny
• traumatyczny

 

nouns

• traumatolog
• traumatologia
• traumatyk
• traumatyzacja
• traumatyzm

 

verb

• traumatyzować

 

Further reading

• trauma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• trauma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾaw.mɐ/ [ˈtɾaʊ̯.mɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾaw.mɐ/ [ˈtɾaʊ̯.mɐ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾaw.ma/ [ˈtɾaʊ̯.ma]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾaw.mɐ/

• Rhymes: -awmɐ
• Hyphenation: trau‧ma

Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)

1. trauma (emotional wound)
2. trauma (event that causes great distress)
3. (medicine) trauma (serious injury to the body)

   Synonym: traumatismo

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /trǎuma/
• Hyphenation: tra‧u‧ma

Noun

tràuma f (Cyrillic spelling тра̀ума)

1. trauma

Declension

Declension of trauma

	singular	plural
nominative	tràuma	traume
genitive	traume	trȁūmā
dative	traumi	traumama
accusative	traumu	traume
vocative	traumo	traume
locative	traumi	traumama
instrumental	traumom	traumama

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɾauma/ [ˈt̪ɾau̯.ma]
• Rhymes: -auma
• Syllabification: trau‧ma

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)

1. (medicine, psychology) trauma
2. injury; harm

   Synonym: traumatismo

Derived terms

• antitrauma
• traumado
• traumático
• traumatizar

 

Etymology 2

Verb

trauma

1. inflection of traumar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “trauma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Anagrams

• mutara
• mutará

Swedish

Noun

trauma n

1. a psychological trauma
2. (medicine) a physical trauma

Declension

Declension of trauma

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	trauma	traumas
	definite	traumat	traumats
plural	indefinite	trauman	traumans
	definite	traumana	traumanas

Related terms

• traumatisera (“traumatize”)
• traumatisk (“traumatic”)

References

• trauma in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• trauma in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• trauma in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)