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mennä

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: menna

Finnish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *mendäk, from Proto-Uralic *mene-. Cognates include Karelian männä, Estonian minna, Hungarian menni.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈmenːæˣ/, [ˈme̞nːæ(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -enːæ
  • Hyphenation(key): men‧nä

Verb

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mennä (intransitive)

  1. to go [with illative of third infinitive ‘to do’] (move away from a point of reference)
    mennä nukkumaan ― to go to sleep, go to bed
    mennä liian pitkälle ― to go too far
    mennä kalastamaan järvelle ― to go to fish at the lake
    mennä kahville ― to go for a coffee
  2. to go, extend
    Synonyms: kulkea, ulottua
    Tie menee pellolle saakka.
    The road goes up to the field.
  3. to go, lead (of a path, etc.)
    Synonyms: johtaa, kulkea, viedä
    Polku menee talon ohi.
    The path goes by the house.
  4. to go, turn out, proceed
    Synonym: sujua
    Sehän meni ihan hyvin.
    That actually went quite well.
    Minulla menee ihan hyvin.
    I'm doing quite well. / Things are going quite well for me.
  5. to go, enter, get, begin, start [(with nouns) with illative; or (with adjectives) with translative; or with adverb] (general verb for describing entering some kind of state)
    mennä töihin ― to go to work, enter the workforce
    mennä myyntiin ― to go on sale
    mennä lakkoon ― to go on strike
    mennä kihloihin ― to get engaged/betrothed
    mennä poikki ― to snap in half/into pieces
    mennä hankalaksi ― to get difficult/tricky/complicated
  6. (impersonal + illative) to be spent; take, pass, spend, go (time, resources, etc.) (see usage notes)
    Synonym: kulua
    Hyllyn kokoamiseen meni tunnin verran.
    Assembling the shelf took an hour.
    Siihen olisi voinut mennä kaksikin tuntia.
    It could've taken two hours.
  7. (auxiliary) to go (and [do]) [with illative of third infinitive] (do an action, implying that someone should be criticized for doing it)
    Miksi sinä menit sellaista tekemään?
    Why did you go and do that?
  8. to go, fit [with illative ‘in/into’]
    Synonyms: mahtua, sopia
    Montako litraa siihen menee?
    How many litres can you fit in it?
    (literally, “How many litres go in it?”)
  9. (colloquial) to do, be good enough
    Synonyms: käydä, menetellä
  10. (informal) to sell
    Synonyms: myydä, mennä kaupaksi

Usage notes

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  • (to be spent; take, pass, spend):
    • This usage is intransitive and never receives a direct object. That which is spent is grammatically the subject despite it usually being placed after the verb, like in the usage examples above. The fact that it is a subject can be seen in that it exhibits the nominative case:
      Siihen meni tunti.
      It took an hour.
    • In the first usage example, verran is used, and the verb thus neither has a subject nor an object.
    • What the resources are spent on (the subject for take) is expressed in the illative case (for verbs, the illative case of the -minen or other action noun) and is often placed before the verb, as if it were a subject.
  • The inessive form of the third infinitive is relatively seldom used, and the corresponding form of the noun meno are usually used instead, especially colloquially (i.e., menossa instead of menemässä).

Conjugation

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Inflection of mennä (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. menen en mene 1st sing. olen mennyt en ole mennyt
2nd sing. menet et mene 2nd sing. olet mennyt et ole mennyt
3rd sing. menee ei mene 3rd sing. on mennyt ei ole mennyt
1st plur. menemme emme mene 1st plur. olemme menneet emme ole menneet
2nd plur. menette ette mene 2nd plur. olette menneet ette ole menneet
3rd plur. menevät eivät mene 3rd plur. ovat menneet eivät ole menneet
passive mennään ei mennä passive on menty ei ole menty
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. menin en mennyt 1st sing. olin mennyt en ollut mennyt
2nd sing. menit et mennyt 2nd sing. olit mennyt et ollut mennyt
3rd sing. meni ei mennyt 3rd sing. oli mennyt ei ollut mennyt
1st plur. menimme emme menneet 1st plur. olimme menneet emme olleet menneet
2nd plur. menitte ette menneet 2nd plur. olitte menneet ette olleet menneet
3rd plur. menivät eivät menneet 3rd plur. olivat menneet eivät olleet menneet
passive mentiin ei menty passive oli menty ei ollut menty
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. menisin en menisi 1st sing. olisin mennyt en olisi mennyt
2nd sing. menisit et menisi 2nd sing. olisit mennyt et olisi mennyt
3rd sing. menisi ei menisi 3rd sing. olisi mennyt ei olisi mennyt
1st plur. menisimme emme menisi 1st plur. olisimme menneet emme olisi menneet
2nd plur. menisitte ette menisi 2nd plur. olisitte menneet ette olisi menneet
3rd plur. menisivät eivät menisi 3rd plur. olisivat menneet eivät olisi menneet
passive mentäisiin ei mentäisi passive olisi menty ei olisi menty
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. mene älä mene 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. menköön älköön menkö 3rd sing. olkoon mennyt älköön olko mennyt
1st plur. menkäämme älkäämme menkö 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. menkää älkää menkö 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. menkööt älkööt menkö 3rd plur. olkoot menneet älkööt olko menneet
passive mentäköön älköön mentäkö passive olkoon menty älköön olko menty
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. mennen en menne 1st sing. lienen mennyt en liene mennyt
2nd sing. mennet et menne 2nd sing. lienet mennyt et liene mennyt
3rd sing. mennee ei menne 3rd sing. lienee mennyt ei liene mennyt
1st plur. mennemme emme menne 1st plur. lienemme menneet emme liene menneet
2nd plur. mennette ette menne 2nd plur. lienette menneet ette liene menneet
3rd plur. mennevät eivät menne 3rd plur. lienevät menneet eivät liene menneet
passive mentäneen ei mentäne passive lienee menty ei liene menty
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st mennä present menevä mentävä
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st mennäkseni mennäksemme
2nd mennäksesi mennäksenne
3rd mennäkseen
mennäksensä
past mennyt menty
2nd inessive2 mennessä mentäessä agent4 menemä
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st mennessäni mennessämme
2nd mennessäsi mennessänne
3rd mennessään
mennessänsä
negative menemätön
instructive mennen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive menemässä —
elative menemästä —
illative menemään —
adessive menemällä —
abessive menemättä —
instructive menemän mentämän
4th3 verbal noun meneminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st menemäisilläni menemäisillämme
2nd menemäisilläsi menemäisillänne
3rd menemäisillään
menemäisillänsä

Colloquially, the present stem mene- may be replaced in some forms with mee-:

Colloquial forms
Description Form
1st sing. present indicative meen
2nd sing. present indicative meet
1st plur. present indicative * meemme
2nd plur. present indicative meette
present indicative connegative
2nd sing. imperative		 mee
Regularly derivable colloquial forms (e.g. through omission of final consonants) are not listed.

Derived terms

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adverbs
nouns
phrases
postpositions
verbs

Further reading

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Karelian

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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mennä

  1. Alternative form of männä

Livvi

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *mendäk. Cognates include Finnish mennä and Estonian minna.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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mennä

  1. (intransitive) to go
  2. (intransitive) to leave
  3. (intransitive) to fit
  4. (intransitive, of time) to go by
  5. (intransitive, of animals) to die
  6. (intransitive, of foods) to become wasted

References

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  • N. Gilojeva, S. Rudakova (2009) Karjalan kielen Livvin murdehen algukursu [Beginners' course of Karelian language's Livvi dialect]‎[2] (in Livvi), Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 3
  • Tatjana Boiko (2019) “mennä”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN
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