kulkea
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *kulkëdak, from Proto-Uralic *kulke- (see it for more). Cognates include Estonian kulgema, Erzya кольгемс (koľgems, “to leak”), Hungarian halad.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kulkea (intransitive)
- (intransitive) to go, travel, traverse [with adessive ‘by’]
- Synonym: liikkua
- kulkea autolla ― to go by car
- (intransitive) to go, extend
- (intransitive) to lead, go (of footprints, roads etc.)
- to advance, make strides, gain ground
- Synonym: edetä
- kulkea eteenpäin ― to move forward
Usage notes
[edit]- (to go, travel): Expressing movement, kulkea is quite often used when expressing the means (by foot, by train, by car, etc.).
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of kulkea (Kotus type 58*L/laskea, k-j gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kuljen | en kulje | 1st sing. | olen kulkenut | en ole kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kuljet | et kulje | 2nd sing. | olet kulkenut | et ole kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kulkee | ei kulje | 3rd sing. | on kulkenut | ei ole kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kuljemme | emme kulje | 1st plur. | olemme kulkeneet | emme ole kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kuljette | ette kulje | 2nd plur. | olette kulkeneet | ette ole kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kulkevat | eivät kulje | 3rd plur. | ovat kulkeneet | eivät ole kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kuljetaan | ei kuljeta | passive | on kuljettu | ei ole kuljettu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kuljin | en kulkenut | 1st sing. | olin kulkenut | en ollut kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kuljit | et kulkenut | 2nd sing. | olit kulkenut | et ollut kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kulki | ei kulkenut | 3rd sing. | oli kulkenut | ei ollut kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kuljimme | emme kulkeneet | 1st plur. | olimme kulkeneet | emme olleet kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kuljitte | ette kulkeneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kulkeneet | ette olleet kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kulkivat | eivät kulkeneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kulkeneet | eivät olleet kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kuljettiin | ei kuljettu | passive | oli kuljettu | ei ollut kuljettu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kulkisin | en kulkisi | 1st sing. | olisin kulkenut | en olisi kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kulkisit | et kulkisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kulkenut | et olisi kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kulkisi | ei kulkisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kulkenut | ei olisi kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kulkisimme | emme kulkisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kulkeneet | emme olisi kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kulkisitte | ette kulkisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kulkeneet | ette olisi kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kulkisivat | eivät kulkisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kulkeneet | eivät olisi kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kuljettaisiin | ei kuljettaisi | passive | olisi kuljettu | ei olisi kuljettu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kulje | älä kulje | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kulkekoon | älköön kulkeko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kulkenut | älköön olko kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kulkekaamme | älkäämme kulkeko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kulkekaa | älkää kulkeko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kulkekoot | älkööt kulkeko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kulkeneet | älkööt olko kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kuljettakoon | älköön kuljettako | passive | olkoon kuljettu | älköön olko kuljettu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kulkenen | en kulkene | 1st sing. | lienen kulkenut | en liene kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kulkenet | et kulkene | 2nd sing. | lienet kulkenut | et liene kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kulkenee | ei kulkene | 3rd sing. | lienee kulkenut | ei liene kulkenut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kulkenemme | emme kulkene | 1st plur. | lienemme kulkeneet | emme liene kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kulkenette | ette kulkene | 2nd plur. | lienette kulkeneet | ette liene kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kulkenevat | eivät kulkene | 3rd plur. | lienevät kulkeneet | eivät liene kulkeneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kuljettaneen | ei kuljettane | passive | lienee kuljettu | ei liene kuljettu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | kulkea | present | kulkeva | kuljettava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
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past | kulkenut | kuljettu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | kulkiessa | kuljettaessa | agent4 | kulkema | ||||||||||||||||
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negative | kulkematon | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kulkien | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | kulkemassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | kulkemasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | kulkemaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | kulkemalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | kulkematta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kulkeman | kuljettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | kulkeminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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Derived terms
[edit]adverbs
nouns
verbs
Further reading
[edit]- “kulkea”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ulkeɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ulkeɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish intransitive verbs
- Finnish terms with collocations
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish laskea-type verbs