Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kulkëdak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Uralic *kulke-.
Verb
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *kulkëdak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kulgën | *kulgin | — | *kulkëgon |
| 2nd sing. | *kulgët | *kulgit | *kulgëk | *kulkëgos |
| 3rd sing. | *kulkëbi *kulki |
*kulki | *kulkëgasën | *kulkëgosën |
| 1st plur. | *kulgëkmëk *kulgëkmak |
*kulkimëk *kulkimak |
*kulkëgatëmëk *kulkëgatamak |
*kulkëgotëmëk *kulkëgotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kulgëktëk *kulgëktak |
*kulkidëk *kulkidak |
*kulkëgatë *kulkëgata |
*kulkëgot'ëk *kulkëgotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kulkëbat *kulki |
*kulki | *kulkëgasën | *kulkëgosën |
| passive | *kulgëksën *kulgët'aksën |
*kulkëdisën *kulgëttisën |
*kulkëdakahën *kulgëttakahën |
*kulkëdakohën *kulgëttakohën |
| connegative | *kulgëk | — | *kulkëgak | *kulkëgok |
| passive connegative | *kulgëktak | — | *kulkëdagak *kulgëttagak |
*kulkëdagok *kulgëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kulgëkcin | *kulkicin | *kulkënën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kulgëkcit | *kulkicit | *kulkënët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kulgëkci | *kulkici | *kulkëni | |
| 1st plur. | *kulgëkcimëk *kulgëkcimak |
*kulkicimëk *kulkicimak |
*kulkënëmëk *kulkënëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kulgëkcidëk *kulgëkcidak |
*kulkicidëk *kulkicidak |
*kulkënëdëk *kulkënëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kulgëkci | *kulkici | *kulkëni | |
| passive | *kulkëdakcihën *kulgët'akcihën |
*kulkëdicihën *kulgëtticihën |
*kulkëdanëhën *kulgëttanëhën | |
| connegative | *kulgëkcik | *kulkicik | *kulkënëk | |
| passive connegative | *kulkëdakcik *kulgët'akcik |
*kulkëdicik *kulgëtticik |
*kulkëdanëk *kulgëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kulkëdak | present | *kulkëba | *kulkëdapa *kulgëttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kulkëdë- | past | *kulkënut | *kulkëdu *kulgëttu |
| gerund/supine | *kulkëma | |||
| action noun | *kulkëminen | |||
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: kulgema/kulgeda
- Finnish: kulkea
- Ingrian: kulkia
- Karelian: (Northern) kulkie, (Southern) kulgie
- Livvi: kulgie
- Ludian: kulgeda
- Veps: kuugetada (“to stumble”)
- Votic: kulkõa
References
[edit]- “kulgema”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN