lugeo

Latin

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (“to break, injure”) with a semantic shift to “be in pain” in the stative. Cognate with Ancient Greek λευγαλέος (leugaléos), λυγρός (lugrós), Sanskrit रुजति (rujati, “to break open, shatter, injure, cause pain”), Latvian lauzt (“to break, fracture”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lewg- (“to gulp, swallow, gasp”); compare Old Irish loingid (“to eat”) and Ancient Greek λύζω (lúzō, “to hiccup; to sob”), λυγγανώμενον (lunganṓmenon, “sobbing”), λυγμός (lugmós, “the hiccups”).^[1] In either case it may be influenced by onomatopoeia.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈluː.ɡe.oː/, [ˈɫ̪uːɡeoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈlu.d͡ʒe.o/, [ˈluːd͡ʒeo]

Verb

lūgeō (present infinitive lūgēre, perfect active lūxī, supine lūctum); second conjugation

to mourn, lament, bewail, deplore
Synonyms: dēplōrō, queror, conqueror, ingemō, gemō, plangō, plōrō, fleō

Beati, qui lugent: quoniam ipsi consolabuntur.
Blessed are they who mourn, for they shall be comforted. — Vulgate, Mt 5, 5

Conjugation

Conjugation of lūgeō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	lūgeō	lūgēs		lūget	lūgēmus	lūgētis		lūgent
	imperfect	lūgēbam	lūgēbās		lūgēbat	lūgēbāmus	lūgēbātis		lūgēbant
	future	lūgēbō	lūgēbis		lūgēbit	lūgēbimus	lūgēbitis		lūgēbunt
	perfect	lūxī	lūxistī		lūxit	lūximus	lūxistis		lūxērunt, lūxēre
	pluperfect	lūxeram	lūxerās		lūxerat	lūxerāmus	lūxerātis		lūxerant
	future perfect	lūxerō	lūxeris		lūxerit	lūxerimus	lūxeritis		lūxerint
passive	present	lūgeor	lūgēris, lūgēre		lūgētur	lūgēmur	lūgēminī		lūgentur
	imperfect	lūgēbar	lūgēbāris, lūgēbāre		lūgēbātur	lūgēbāmur	lūgēbāminī		lūgēbantur
	future	lūgēbor	lūgēberis, lūgēbere		lūgēbitur	lūgēbimur	lūgēbiminī		lūgēbuntur
	perfect	lūctus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	lūctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	lūctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	lūgeam	lūgeās		lūgeat	lūgeāmus	lūgeātis		lūgeant
	imperfect	lūgērem	lūgērēs		lūgēret	lūgērēmus	lūgērētis		lūgērent
	perfect	lūxerim	lūxerīs		lūxerit	lūxerīmus	lūxerītis		lūxerint
	pluperfect	lūxissem	lūxissēs		lūxisset	lūxissēmus	lūxissētis		lūxissent
passive	present	lūgear	lūgeāris, lūgeāre		lūgeātur	lūgeāmur	lūgeāminī		lūgeantur
	imperfect	lūgērer	lūgērēris, lūgērēre		lūgērētur	lūgērēmur	lūgērēminī		lūgērentur
	perfect	lūctus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	lūctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	lūgē		—	—	lūgēte		—
active	future	—	lūgētō		lūgētō	—	lūgētōte		lūgentō
passive	present	—	lūgēre		—	—	lūgēminī		—
passive	future	—	lūgētor		lūgētor	—	—		lūgentor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		lūgēre		lūgērī		lūgēns		—
future		lūctūrum esse		lūctum īrī		lūctūrus		lūgendus
perfect		lūxisse		lūctum esse		—		lūctus
future perfect		—		lūctum fore		—		—
perfect potential		lūctūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		lūgendī	lūgendō		lūgendum	lūgendō	lūctum		lūctū

Derived terms

Related terms

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lūgeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 351