gemo

See also: gémó and ĝemo

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡemo]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -emo
• Hyphenation: ge‧mo

Noun

gemo (accusative singular gemon, plural gemoj, accusative plural gemojn)

1. gemstone (precious stone)

See also

• juvelo

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛ.mo/
• Rhymes: -ɛmo
• Hyphenation: gè‧mo

Verb

gemo

1. first-person singular present indicative of gemere

Anagrams

• moge

Latin

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to grasp”), whence Ancient Greek γέμω (gémō, “to be full”), Ancient Greek γόμος (gómos, “load; cargo”), Lithuanian gùmstu (“to grasp”) The semantic shift would be something like "to grasp, press" > "to take one's fill" > "to groan, moan (from eating too much)".

However, de Vaan notes that this series of semantic shifts is quite unlikely, and prefers Vine's theory deriving the word from a Proto-Indo-European *genH- (“to call”) (with replacement of *-n > -m on the model of semantically similar verbs like fremō (“to roar”) and tremō (“to tremble”)), whence Ancient Greek γέγωνᾰ (gégōnă, “to shout”), Tocharian A ken- (“to call”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈɡe.moː/, [ˈɡɛmoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒe.mo/, [ˈd͡ʒɛːmo]

Verb

gemō (present infinitive gemere, perfect active gemuī, supine gemitum); third conjugation

1. to sigh, groan

   Synonyms: ingemō, ingemīscō

2. (of things) to creak
3. to bemoan, lament

   Synonyms: dēplōrō, ingemō, lūgeō, plangō, queror, conqueror, plōrō, fleō

Conjugation

• In practice, the passive forms are not used except for the third-person.

   Conjugation of gemō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	gemō		gemis		gemit		gemimus		gemitis		gemunt
	imperfect	gemēbam		gemēbās		gemēbat		gemēbāmus		gemēbātis		gemēbant
	future	gemam		gemēs		gemet		gemēmus		gemētis		gement
	perfect	gemuī		gemuistī		gemuit		gemuimus		gemuistis		gemuērunt, gemuēre
	pluperfect	gemueram		gemuerās		gemuerat		gemuerāmus		gemuerātis		gemuerant
	future perfect	gemuerō		gemueris		gemuerit		gemuerimus		gemueritis		gemuerint
passive	present	gemor		gemeris, gemere		gemitur		gemimur		gemiminī		gemuntur
	imperfect	gemēbar		gemēbāris, gemēbāre		gemēbātur		gemēbāmur		gemēbāminī		gemēbantur
	future	gemar		gemēris, gemēre		gemētur		gemēmur		gemēminī		gementur
	perfect	gemitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	gemitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	gemitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	gemam		gemās		gemat		gemāmus		gemātis		gemant
	imperfect	gemerem		gemerēs		gemeret		gemerēmus		gemerētis		gemerent
	perfect	gemuerim		gemuerīs		gemuerit		gemuerīmus		gemuerītis		gemuerint
	pluperfect	gemuissem		gemuissēs		gemuisset		gemuissēmus		gemuissētis		gemuissent
passive	present	gemar		gemāris, gemāre		gemātur		gemāmur		gemāminī		gemantur
	imperfect	gemerer		gemerēris, gemerēre		gemerētur		gemerēmur		gemerēminī		gemerentur
	perfect	gemitus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	gemitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		geme		—		—		gemite		—
	future	—		gemitō		gemitō		—		gemitōte		gemuntō
passive	present	—		gemere		—		—		gemiminī		—
	future	—		gemitor		gemitor		—		—		gemuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		gemere			gemī			gemēns			—
future		gemitūrum esse			gemitum īrī			gemitūrus			gemendus, gemundus
perfect		gemuisse			gemitum esse			—			gemitus
future perfect		—			gemitum fore			—			—
perfect potential		gemitūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		gemendī		gemendō		gemendum		gemendō		gemitum		gemitū

Derived terms

• adgemō
• aggemō
• circumgemō
• congemēscō
• congemīscō
• congemō
• gemebundus
• gemitōrius
• gemitus
• ingemēscō
• ingemīscō
• ingemō
• regemō

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Romanian: geme
  • Aromanian: dzem, dzemu
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: gemere
• North-Italian:
  • Friulian: gemi
  • Ligurian: zemî
  • Piedmontese: gëmme
  • Venetan: xemer
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: gendre
  • Old French: giembre
    • French: geindre
  • Old Occitan: gemer
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: gemer
    • Portuguese: gemer
  • Asturian: ximir
  • Old Spanish: emer
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *gemicāre
  • Aragonese: chemecar, chomecar, chemecar
    • →? Catalan: gemecar
  • Catalan: gemegar
    • → Sicilian: gimigari
  • Gascon: gemicar, gemecar
  • Occitan:

    Languedocien: gemegar

    Vivaro-Alpine: gingar

  • Old French: [Term?]
    • Lorrain: /ʒəmʒi/
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *gemitāre
  • Italian: gemitare (archaic), gemetà (Romanesco)
  • Neapolitan: gemetià
• Borrowings:
  • → Catalan: gemir
  • →? Albanian: gjëmoj, glëmoj
  • → French: gémir
  • → Occitan: gemir
  • → Spanish: gemir (semi-learned)

Further reading

• “gemo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gemo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• gemo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• gemo in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʒẽ.mu/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʒẽ.mu/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʒe.mo/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʒe.mu/

• Hyphenation: ge‧mo

Verb

gemo

1. first-person singular present indicative of gemer