γέγωνα
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of uncertain origin. Traditionally connected with γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to perceive, observe”); however, the lengthened -ε- (-e-) is left unexplained. A newer theory by Hackstein and Vine, supported by de Vaan, derives the word from Proto-Hellenic *ge-gon-s-, a desiderative from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₃en- (“to call”), whence also Tocharian A ken- (“to call”) and perhaps Latin gemō (“to sigh, groan”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡé.ɡɔː.na/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈɡe.ɡo.na/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈʝe.ɣo.na/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈʝe.ɣo.na/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈʝe.ɣo.na/
Verb
[edit]Conjugation
[edit] Perfect: γέγωνᾰ with present meaning (Epic)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | γέγωνᾰ | γέγωνᾰς | γέγωνε(ν) | γεγώνᾰτον | γεγώνᾰτον | γεγώνᾰμεν | γεγώνᾰτε | γεγώνᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | γεγώνω, γεγώνωμῐ |
γεγώνῃς, γεγώνῃσθᾰ |
γεγώνῃ, γεγώνῃσῐ |
γεγώνητον | γεγώνητον | γεγώνωμεν | γεγώνητε | γεγώνωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | γεγώνοιμῐ, γεγωνοίην |
γεγώνοις, γεγωνοίης |
γεγώνοι, γεγωνοίη |
γεγώνοιτον | γεγωνοίτην | γεγώνοιμεν | γεγώνοιτε | γεγώνοιεν | |||||
imperative | γέγωνε | γεγωνέτω | γεγώνετον | γεγωνέτων | γεγώνετε | γεγωνόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | γεγωνέναι/γεγωνέμεν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | γεγωνώς | |||||||||||
f | γεγωνυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | γεγωνός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | γεγωνέω | γεγωνέεις | γεγωνέει | γεγωνέετον | γεγωνέετον | γεγωνέομεν | γεγωνέετε | γεγωνέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | γεγωνέω, γεγωνέωμῐ |
γεγωνέῃς, γεγωνέῃσθᾰ |
γεγωνέῃ, γεγωνέῃσῐ |
γεγωνέητον | γεγωνέητον | γεγωνέωμεν | γεγωνέητε | γεγωνέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | γεγωνέοιμῐ | γεγωνέοισ(θᾰ) | γεγωνέοι | γεγωνέοιτον | γεγωνεοίτην | γεγωνέοιμεν | γεγωνέοιτε | γεγωνέοιεν | |||||
imperative | γεγώνεε | γεγωνεέτω | γεγωνέετον | γεγωνεέτων | γεγωνέετε | γεγωνεόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | γεγωνέειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | γεγωνέων | |||||||||||
f | γεγωνέουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | γεγωνέον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | γεγωνέω | γεγωνεῖς | γεγωνεῖ | γεγωνεῖτον | γεγωνεῖτον | γεγωνεῦμεν | γεγωνεῖτε | γεγωνεῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | γεγωνέω, γεγωνέωμῐ |
γεγωνῇς, γεγωνῇσθᾰ |
γεγωνῇ, γεγωνῇσῐ |
γεγωνῆτον | γεγωνῆτον | γεγωνέωμεν | γεγωνῆτε | γεγωνέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | γεγωνέοιμι | γεγωνέοις | γεγωνέοι | γεγωνέοιτον | γεγωνεοίτην | γεγωνέοιμεν | γεγωνέοιτε | γεγωνέοιεν | |||||
imperative | γεγώνει | γεγωνείτω | γεγωνεῖτον | γεγωνείτων | γεγωνεῖτε | γεγωνεύντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | γεγωνεῖν/γεγωνήμεναι/γεγωνῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | γεγωνέων | |||||||||||
f | γεγωνεῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | γεγωνεῦν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐγεγώνειν, ἐγεγώνη |
ἐγεγώνεις, ἐγεγώνης |
ἐγεγώνει(ν)/ἐγεγώνε(ν) | ἐγεγώνετον | ἐγεγωνέτην | ἐγεγώνεμεν | ἐγεγώνετε | ἐγεγώνεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | γεγώνειν, γεγώνη |
γεγώνεις, γεγώνης |
γεγώνει(ν)/γεγώνε(ν) | γεγώνετον | γεγωνέτην | γεγώνεμεν | γεγώνετε | γεγώνεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | γεγώνεον | γεγώνεες | γεγώνεε(ν) | γεγωνέετον | γεγωνεέτην | γεγωνέομεν | γεγωνέετε | γεγώνεον | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | γεγώνευν | γεγώνεις | γεγώνει | γεγωνεῖτον | γεγωνείτην | γεγωνεῦμεν | γεγωνεῖτε | γεγώνευν | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐγεγώνεον | ἐγεγώνεες | ἐγεγώνεε(ν) | ἐγεγωνέετον | ἐγεγωνεέτην | ἐγεγωνέομεν | ἐγεγωνέετε | ἐγεγώνεον | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐγεγώνευν | ἐγεγώνεις | ἐγεγώνει | ἐγεγωνεῖτον | ἐγεγωνείτην | ἐγεγωνεῦμεν | ἐγεγωνεῖτε | ἐγεγώνευν | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | γεγωνήσω | γεγωνήσεις | γεγωνήσει | γεγωνήσετον | γεγωνήσετον | γεγωνήσομεν | γεγωνήσετε | γεγωνήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | γεγωνήσοιμῐ | γεγωνήσοισ(θᾰ) | γεγωνήσοι | γεγωνήσοιτον | γεγωνησοίτην | γεγωνήσοιμεν | γεγωνήσοιτε | γεγωνήσοιεν | |||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | γεγωνήσειν/γεγωνησέμεν(αι)/γεγωνησμέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | γεγωνήσων | |||||||||||
f | γεγωνήσουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | γεγωνῆσον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | γεγώνησᾰ | γεγώνησᾰς | γεγώνησε(ν) | γεγωνήσᾰτον | γεγωνησᾰ́την | γεγωνήσᾰμεν | γεγωνήσᾰτε | γεγώνησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | γεγωνήσω, γεγωνήσωμῐ |
γεγωνήσῃς, γεγωνήσῃσθᾰ |
γεγωνήσῃ, γεγωνήσῃσῐ |
γεγωνήσητον | γεγωνήσητον | γεγωνήσωμεν | γεγωνήσητε | γεγωνήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | γεγωνήσαιμῐ | γεγωνήσαις, γεγωνήσαισθᾰ, γεγωνήσειᾰς |
γεγωνήσειε(ν), γεγωνήσαι |
γεγωνησεῖτον | γεγωνησείτην | γεγωνησεῖμεν | γεγωνησεῖτε | γεγωνησεῖεν | |||||
imperative | γεγώνησον | γεγωνησᾰ́τω | γεγωνήσᾰτον | γεγωνησᾰ́των | γεγωνήσᾰτε | γεγωνησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | γεγωνῆσαι/γεγωνησᾰ́μεν/γεγωνησᾰμέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | γεγωνήσᾱς | |||||||||||
f | γεγωνήσᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | γεγωνῆσᾰν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Related terms
[edit]- γεγωνητέον (gegōnētéon)
- γεγωνίσκω (gegōnískō)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γέγωνα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 263-4
Further reading
[edit]- “γέγωνα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- γέγωνα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- γέγωνα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- γέγωνα in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “γέγωνα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms
- Epic Greek